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We discuss the processes underlying the excitation of fishbone-like internal kink instabilities driven by supra-thermal electrons generated experimentally by different means: Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) and by Lower Hybrid (LH) power injection. The peculiarity and interest of exciting these electron fishbones by ECRH only or by LH only is also analyzed. Not only the mode stability is explained, but also the transition between steady state nonlinear oscillations to bursting (almost regular) pulsations, as observed in FTU, is interpreted in terms of the LH power input. These results are directly relevant to the investigation of trapped alpha particle interactions with low-frequency MHD modes in burning plasmas: in fact, alpha particles in reactor relevant conditions are characterized by small dimensionless orbits, similarly to electrons; the trapped particle bounce averaged dynamics, meanwhile, depends on energy and not mass.
We present experimental observations suggesting that the non-diffusive avalanche-like events are a prevalent and universal process of the electron turbulent heat transport in tokamak core plasmas. They are observed in the low confinement mode and the
The dynamics of energetic particles in strong electromagnetic fields can be heavily influenced by the energy loss arising from the emission of radiation during acceleration, known as radiation reaction. When interacting with a high-energy electron be
A two-electron temperature plasma is produced by the method of diffusion of two different plasmas with distinct temperatures and densities. The method is simple and provides an adequate control over the plasma parameters. The study reveals that the t
The linear gyrokinetic stability properties of magnetically confined electron-positron plasmas are investigated in the parameter regime most likely to be relevant for the first laboratory experiments involving such plasmas, where the density is small
In a cross-field (ExB) setup, the electron ExB flow relative to the unmagnetized ions can cause the Electron Cyclotron Drift Instability (ECDI) due to resonances of the ion-acoustic mode and the electron cyclotron harmonics. This occurs in collisionl