The ALMA Patchy Deep Survey: A blind search for [CII] emitters at z~4.5

We present a result of a blind search for [CII] 158 $mu$m emitters at $zsim 4.5$ using ALMA Cycle~0 archival data. We collected extra-galactic data covering at 330-360 GHz (band~7) from 8 Cycle~0 projects from which initial results have been already published. The total number of fields is 243 and the total on-source exposure time is 19.2 hours. We searched for line emitters in continuum-subtracted data cubes with spectral resolutions of 50, 100, 300 and 500 km/s. We could not detect any new line emitters above a 6-$sigma$ significance level. This result provides upper limits to the [CII] luminosity function at $zsim 4.5$ over $L_{rm [CII]} sim 10^8 - 10^{10} L_{odot}$ or star formation rate, SFR $sim$ 10-1000 M$_{^odot}$/yr. These limits are at least 2 orders of magnitude larger than the [CII] luminosity functions expected from the $z sim 4$ UV luminosity function or from numerical simulation. However, this study demonstrates that we would be able to better constrain the [CII] luminosity function and to investigate possible contributions from dusty galaxies to the cosmic star-formation rate density by collecting Cycle~1+2 archival data as the ALMA Patchy Deep Survey.

Electronic structure of Li$_{1+x}$[Mn$_{0.5}$Ni$_{0.5}$]$_{1-x}$O$_2$ studied by photoemission and x-ray absorption spectroscopy

We have studied the electronic structure of Li$_{1+x}$[Mn$_{0.5}$Ni$_{0.5}$]$_{1-x}$O$_2$ ($x$ = 0.00 and 0.05), one of the promising cathode materials for Li ion battery, by means of x-ray photoemission and absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the valences of Mn and Ni are basically 4+ and 2+, respectively. However, the Mn$^{3+}$ component in the $x$ = 0.00 sample gradually increases with the bulk sensitivity of the experiment, indicating that the Jahn-Teller active Mn$^{3+}$ ions are introduced in the bulk due to the site exchange between Li and Ni. The Mn$^{3+}$ component gets negligibly small in the $x$ = 0.05 sample, which indicates that the excess Li suppresses the site exchange and removes the Jahn-Teller active Mn$^{3+}$.

Unconventional Superconductivity in electron-doped layered metal nitride halides $M$N$X$ ($M$ = Ti, Zr, Hf; $X$ = Cl, Br, I)

In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of superconductivity in electron-doped metal nitride halides $M$N$X$ ($M$ = Ti, Zr, Hf; $X$ = Cl, Br, I) with layered crystal structure and two-dimensional electronic states. The parent compounds are band insulators with no discernible long-range ordered state. Upon doping tiny amount of electrons, superconductivity emerges with several anomalous features beyond the conventional electron-phonon mechanism, which stimulate theoretical investigations. We will discuss experimental and theoretical results reported thus far and compare the electron-doped layered nitride superconductors with other superconductors.

MOSFIRE and LDSS3 Spectroscopy for an [OII] Blob at z=1.18: Gas Outflow and Energy Source

We report our Keck/MOSFIRE and Magellan/LDSS3 spectroscopy for an [OII] Blob, OIIB10, that is a high-$z$ galaxy with spatially extended [OII]$lambdalambda3726,3729$ emission over 30 kpc recently identified by a Subaru large-area narrowband survey. The systemic redshift of OIIB10 is $z=1.18$ securely determined with [OIII]$lambdalambda4959,5007$ and H$beta$ emission lines. We identify FeII$lambda$2587 and MgII$lambdalambda$2796,2804 absorption lines blueshifted from the systemic redshift by $80pm50$ and $260pm40$ km s$^{-1}$, respectively, which indicate gas outflow from OIIB10 with the velocity of $sim 80-260$ km s$^{-1}$. This outflow velocity is comparable with the escape velocity, $250pm140$ km s$^{-1}$, estimated under the assumption of a singular isothermal halo potential profile. Some fraction of the outflowing gas could escape from the halo of OIIB10, suppressing OIIB10s star-formation activity. We estimate a mass loading factor, $eta$, that is a ratio of mass outflow rate to star-formation rate, and obtain $eta>0.8pm 0.1$ which is relatively high compared with low-$z$ starbursts including U/LIRGs and AGNs. The major energy source of the outflow is unclear with the available data. Although no signature of AGN is found in the X-ray data, OIIB10 falls in the AGN/star-forming composite region in the line diagnostic diagrams. It is possible that the outflow is powered by star formation and a type-2 AGN with narrow FWHM emission line widths of $70-130$ km s$^{-1}$. This is the first detailed spectroscopic study of oxygen-line blobs, which includes the analyses of the escape velocity, the mass loading factor, and the presence of an AGN, and a significant step to understanding the nature of oxygen-line blobs and the relation with gas outflow and star-formation quenching at high redshift.

Cross-Correlation of Photovoltaic Output Fluctuation in Power System Operation for Large-Scale Photovoltaic Integration

We analyzed the cross-correlation of Photovoltaic (PV) output fluctuation for the actual PV output time series data in both the Tokyo area and the whole of Japan using the principal component analysis with the random matrix theory. Based on the obtained cross-correlation coefficients, the forecast error for PV output was estimated with/without considering the cross-correlations. Then operation schedule of thermal plants is calculated to integrate PV output using our unit commitment model with the estimated forecast error. The cost for grid integration of PV system was also estimated. Finally, validity of the concept of local production for local consumption of renewable energy and alternative policy implications were also discussed.

Evidence for exclusion of the possibility of $d$-wave superconducting-gap symmetry in Ba-doped KFe$_2$As$_2$

We have investigated the superconducting(SC)-gap anisotropy for several Ba-doped KFe$_2$As$_2$ samples using laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We show that the SC-gap anisotropy and node positions drastically change with a small amount of Ba doping. Our results totally exclude a possibility of $d$-wave symmetry and strongly suggest that both spin and orbital fluctuations are important for the paring interaction in the Ba-doped K122.

Direct Evidence for Synchronization in Japanese Business Cycle

We have analyzed the Indices of Industrial Production (Seasonal Adjustment Index) for a long period of 240 months (January 1988 to December 2007) to develop a deeper understanding of the economic shocks. The angular frequencies estimated using the Hilbert transformation, are almost identical for the 16 industrial sectors. Moreover, the partial phase locking was observed for the 16 sectors. These are the direct evidence of the synchronization in the Japanese business cycle. We also showed that the information of the economic shock is carried by the phase time-series. The common shock and individual shocks are separated using phase time-series. The former dominates the economic shock in all of 1992, 1998 and 2001. The obtained results suggest that the business cycle may be described as a dynamics of the coupled limit-cycle oscillators exposed to the common shocks and random individual shocks.

Production of spin-controlled rare isotope beams

The degree of freedom of spin in quantum systems serves as an unparalleled laboratory where intriguing quantum physical properties can be observed, and the ability to control spin is a powerful tool in physics research. We propose a novel method for controlling spin in a system of rare isotopes which takes advantage of the mechanism of the projectile fragmentation reaction combined with the momentum-dispersion matching technique. The present method was verified in an experiment at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory, in which a degree of alignment of 8% was achieved for the spin of a rare isotope Al-32. The figure of merit for the present method was found to be greater than that of the conventional method by a factor of more than 50.

Diffuse Lyman Alpha Haloes around Lyman Alpha Emitters at z=3: Do Dark Matter Distributions Determine the Lyman Alpha Spatial Extents?

Using stacks of Ly-a images of 2128 Ly-a emitters (LAEs) and 24 protocluster UV-selected galaxies (LBGs) at z=3.1, we examine the surface brightness profiles of Ly-a haloes around high-z galaxies as a function of environment and UV luminosity. We find that the slopes of the Ly-a radial profiles become flatter as the Mpc-scale LAE surface densities increase, but they are almost independent of the central UV luminosities. The characteristic exponential scale lengths of the Ly-a haloes appear to be proportional to the square of the LAE surface densities (r(Lya) propto Sigma(LAE)^2). Including the diffuse, extended Ly-a haloes, the rest-frame Ly-a equivalent width of the LAEs in the densest regions approaches EW_0(Lya) ~ 200 A, the maximum value expected for young (< 10^7 yr) galaxies. This suggests that Ly-a photons formed via shock compression by gas outflows or cooling radiation by gravitational gas inflows may partly contribute to illuminate the Ly-a haloes; however, most of their Ly-a luminosity can be explained by photo-ionisation by ionising photons or scattering of Ly-a photons produced in HII regions in and around the central galaxies. Regardless of the source of Ly-a photons, if the Ly-a haloes trace the overall gaseous structure following the dark matter distributions, it is not surprising that the Ly-a spatial extents depend more strongly on the surrounding Mpc-scale environment than on the activities of the central galaxies.

On the Geodesic Nature of Wegners Flow

Wegners method of flow equations offers a useful tool for diagonalizing a given Hamiltonian and is widely used in various branches of quantum physics. Here, generalizing this method, a condition is derived, under which the corresponding flow of a quantum state becomes geodesic in a submanifold of the projective Hilbert space, independently of specific initial conditions. This implies the geometric optimality of the present method as an algorithm of generating stationary states. The result is illustrated by analyzing some physical examples.