Simple explanation of coexistence of zero angular momentum and non-zero magnetic moment in many-electron system is discussed in this short note from the point of view of statistical physics
Fermi and kinetic energy are usually calculated in periodic boundary conditions model, which is not self-consistent for low-dimensional problems, where particles are confined. Thus for confined particles the potential box model was used self-consiste
ntly to calculate Fermi and kinetic energies in 3-, 2-, and 1-dimensional cases. This approach is much more logical and self-consistent. Then the conditions for neglecting dimensions, that is conditions under which the movement of particles in the box could be considered as 2- and 1- dimensional, were derived.
General thermodynamic theory of metastable states is used in this short note to try to understand better atmospheric instabilities. It is shown that not only cooling of a cloud can lead to rain, but heating also, especially when there are charged wat
er drops in a cloud (in this case we have rain with lightning). The influence of the global warming on weather is discussed.
Concentrated electric field and its energy in materials, containing nanofibers, are discussed. It is shown that the electric field in the vicinity of the end of a fiber is proportional to the external applied field and to the fiber length, whilst it
is inversely proportional to the fiber diameter. Specific electrostatic energy of a fiber in a sample under the action of external applied field is calculated. This energy appears to be negative and proportional to the ratio of the fiber length to its diameter. This means that longer fibers are more stable than the shorter ones.
Rotation of the nucleus and rotation of the electronic cloud of the atom/ion were considered. It was shown that these rotations are not practically possible. Rotation of the cloud of delocalized electrons and ionic core of a fullerene molecule and th
ese of the ring of a nanotube were discussed. It was shown that the rotation of the cloud of delocalized electrons of a fullerene molecule is possible and it goes in a quantum way when temperature is essentially lower than 40 K. Rotation of the ion core of a fullerene molecule is possible in a classical way only. The same should be said about rotations in the ring of a nanotube.
General conditions of stability of a very dense deuterium-tritium plasma ball are discussed. It is shown that the decrease in the size of a plasma ball (increase in the plasma density) can be expected only when the temperature and the pressure in the
plasma ball are kept high enough for all the particles, the nuclei and the delocalized electrons, to be described by classical statistics.
A composite conductive material, which consists of fibers of a high conductivity in a matrix of low conductivity, is discussed. The effective conductivity of the system considered is calculated in Clausius-Mossotti approximation. Obtained relationshi
ps can be used to calculate the conductivity of a matrix, using experimentally measured parameters. Electric fields in the matrix and the inclusions are calculated. It is shown that the field in a low-conductivity matrix can be much higher than the external applied one.
A concept of kinetic energy in quantum mechanics is analyzed. Kinetic energy is a non-zero positive value in many cases of bound states, when a wave function is a real-valued one and there are no visible motion and flux. This can be understood, using
expansion of the wave function into Fourier integral, that is, on the basis of virtual plane waves. The ground state energy of a hydrogen atom is calculated in a special way, regarding explicitly all the terms of electrostatic and kinetic energies. The correct values of the ground state energy and the radius of decay are achieved only when the electrostatic energies of the electron and the proton (self-energies) are not taken into account. This proves again that self-action should be excluded in quantum mechanics. A model of a spherical ball with uniformly distributed charge of particles is considered. It is shown that for a neutral ball (with compensated electric charge) the electrostatic energy is a non-zero negative value in this model. This occurs because the self-energy of the constituting particles should be subtracted. So it shown that the energy of the electric field does not have to be of a positive value in any imaginable problem.
It is shown that hydrogen atom is a unique object in physics having negative energy of electric field, which is present in the atom. This refers also to some hydrogen-type atoms: hydrogen anti-atom, atom composed of proton and antiproton, and positronium.
Present paper is a review of results, obtained in the framework of semiclassical approach in nanophysics. Semiclassical description, based on Electrostatics and Thomas-Fermi model was applied to calculate dimensions of the electronic shell of a fulle
rene molecule and a carbon nanotube. This simplified approach yields surprisingly accurate results in some cases. Semiclassical approach provides rather good description of the dimensions of the electronic shell of a fullerene molecule. Two types of dipole oscillations in a fullerene molecule were considered and their frequencies were calculated. Similar calculations were performed for a carbon nanotube also. These results look rather reasonable. Three types of dipole oscillations in carbon nanotube were considered and their frequencies were calculated. Frequencies of the longitudinal collective oscillations of delocalized electrons in carbon peapod were calculated as well. Metallic cluster was modeled as a spherical ball. It was shown that metallic cluster is stable; its bulk modulus and the frequency of the dipole oscillation of the electronic shell relative to the ions were calculated.
