Even though the Standard Model (SM) has achieved great success, its application to the field of low energies still lacks solid foundation due to our limited knowledge on non-perturbative QCD. Practically, all theoretical calculations of the hadronic
transition matrix elements are based various phenomenological models. There indeed exist some anomalies in the field which are waiting for interpretations. The goal of this work is trying to solve one of the anomalies: the discrepancy between the theoretical prediction on the sign of the up-down asymmetry parameter of $Lambda_ctoSigmapi$ and the experimental measurement. In the literatures several authors calculated the rate and determined the asymmetry parameter within various schemes, but there exist obvious loopholes in those adopted scenarios. To solve the discrepancy between theory and data, we suggest that not only the direct transition process contributes to the observed $Lambda_ctoSigmapi$, but also other portals such as $Lambda_cto Lambdarho$ also play a substantial role via an isospin-conserving re-scattering $LambdarhotoSigmapi$. Taking into account of the effects induced by the final state interaction, we re-evaluate the relevant quantities. Our numerical results indicate that the new theoretical prediction based on this scenario involving an interference between the direct transition of $Lambda_ctoSigmapi$ and the portal $Lambda_ctoLambdarhotoSigmapi$ can make both the decay rate and sign of the asymmetry parameter to be consistent with data.
Recently a vector charmonium-like state $Y(4626)$ was observed in the portal of $D^+_sD_{s1}(2536)^-$. It intrigues an active discussion on the structure of the resonance because it has obvious significance for gaining a better understanding on its h
adronic structure with suitable inner constituents. It indeed concerns the general theoretical framework about possible structures of exotic states. Since the mass of $Y(4626)$ is slightly above the production threshold of $D^+_sbar D_{s1}(2536)^-$ whereas below that of $D^*_sbar D_{s1}(2536)$ with the same quark contents as that of $D^+_sbar D_{s1}(2536)^-$, it is natural to conjecture $Y(4626)$ to be a molecular state of $D^{*}_sbar D_{s1}(2536)$, as suggested in literature. Confirming or negating this allegation would shed light on the goal we concern. We calculate the mass spectrum of a system composed of a vector meson and an axial vector i.e. $D^*_sbar D_{s1}(2536)$ within the framework of the Bethe-Salpeter equations. Our numerical results show that the dimensionless parameter $lambda$ in the form factor which is phenomenologically introduced to every vertex, is far beyond the reasonable range for inducing an even very small binding energy $Delta E$. It implies that the $D^*_sbar D_{s1}(2536)$ system cannot exist in the nature as a hadronic molecule in this model, so that we may not think the resonance $Y(4626)$ to be a bound state of $D^*_sbar D_{s1}(2536)$, but something else, for example a tetraquark and etc.
In this work, we study $Lambda_{b}toLambda_{c}$ and $Sigma_{b}toSigma_{c}$ weak decays in the light-front quark model. As is well known, the key point for such calculations is properly evaluating the hadronic transition matrix elements which are domi
nated by the non-perturbative QCD effect. In our calculation, we employ the light-front quark model and rather than the traditional diquark picture, we account the two spectator light quarks as individual ones. Namely during the transition, they retain their color indices, momenta and spin polarizations unchanged. Definitely, the subsystem composed of the two light quarks is still in a color-anti-triplet and possesses a definite spin, but we do not priori assume the two light quarks to be in a bound system-diquark. Our purpose is probing the diquark picture, via comparing the results with the available data, we test the validity and applicability of the diquark structure which turns a three-body problem into a two-body one, so greatly simplifies the calculation. It is indicated that the two approaches (diquark and a subsystem within which the two light quarks are free) lead to similar numerical results even though the model parameters in the two schemes might deviate slightly. Thus, the diquark approach seems sufficiently reasonable.
The present data imply that $phi(2170)$ may not be an excited state of $phi$, but is a four quark state with $ssbar s bar s$ constituents. Furthermore, there are no two mesons of $sbar s$ available to form a molecule which fits the mass spectrum of $
phi(2170)$, thus we suggest it should be an $ssbar s bar s$ tetraquark state. In this scenario, we estimate its decay rates through the fall-apart mechanism. Our theoretical estimates indicate that its main decay modes should be $phi(2170)$ into $phi f_0(980)$, $ h_1eta$, $ h_1eta$, $K_1(1270)K$ and $K_1(1400)K$. Under this hypothesis the modes $phi(2170)to K^*(890)^0bar K^*(890)^0$, $K^+K^-$ and $K^0_LK^0_S$ should be relatively suppressed. Since the width of $h_1$ is rather large, at present it is hard to gain precise data on $BR(phi(2170)to h_1eta)$ and $BR(phi(2170)to h_1eta)$ whose measurements may be crucial for drawing a definite conclusion about the inner assignment of $phi(2170)$. We lay our expectation to the proposed charm-tau factory which will have much larger luminosity and better capacities.
Multi-quark states were predicted by Gell-Mann when the quark model was first formulated. Recently, numerous exotic states that are considered to be multi-quark states have been experimentally confirmed (four-quark mesons and five-quark baryons). The
oretical research indicates that the four-quark state might comprise molecular and/or tetraquark structures. We consider that the meson containing four different flavors $subar bbar d$ should exist and decay via the $X(5568)to B_spi$ channel. However, except for the D0 collaboration, all other experimental collaborations have reported negative observations for $X(5568)$ in this golden portal. This contradiction has stimulated the interest of both theorists and experimentalists. To address this discrepancy, we propose that the assumed $X(5568)$ is a mixture of a molecular state and tetraquark, which contributes destructively to $X(5568)to B_spi$. The cancellation may be accidental and it should be incomplete. In this scenario, there should be two physical states with the same flavor ingredients, with spectra of $5344pm307$ and $6318pm315$. $X(5568)$ lies in the error range of the first state. We predict the width of the second state (designated as $S_2$) as $Gamma(X_{S_2}to B_spi)=224pm97$ MeV. We strongly suggest searching for it in future experiments.
Discovery of $X(5568)$ brings up a tremendous interest because it is very special, i.e. made of four different flavors. The D0 collaboration claimed that they observed this resonance through portal $X(5568)to B_spi$, but unfortunately, later the LHCb
, CMS, CDF and ATLAS collaborations reports indicate that no such state was found. Almost on the Eve of 2017, the D0 collaboration reconfirmed existence of $X(5568)$ via the semileptonic decay of $B_s$. To further reveal the discrepancy, supposing $X(5568)$ as a molecular state, we calculate the decay rate of $X(5568)rightarrow B_spi^+$ in an extended light front model. Numerically, the theoretically predicted decay width of $Gamma(X(5568)rightarrow B_spi^+)$ is $20.28$ MeV which is consistent with the result of the D0 collaboration ($Gamma=18.6^{+7.9}_{-6.1}(stat)^{+3.5}_{-3.8}(syst)$ MeV). Since the resonance is narrow, signals might be drowned in a messy background. In analog, two open-charm molecular states $DK$ and $BD$ named as $X_a$ and $X_b$, could be in the same situation. The rates of $X_ato D_spi^0$ and $X_bto B_cpi^0$ are estimated as about 30 MeV and 20 MeV respectively. We suggest the experimental collaborations round the world to search for these two modes and accurate measurements may provide us with valuable information.
Assuming the newly observed $Z_c(3900)$ to be a molecular state of $Dbar D^*(D^{*} bar D)$, we calculate the partial widths of $Z_c(3900)to J/psi+pi;; psi+pi;; eta_c+rho$ and $Dbar D^*$ within the light front model (LFM). $Z_c(3900)to J/psi+pi$ is th
e channel by which $Z_c(3900)$ was observed, our calculation indicates that it is indeed one of the dominant modes whose width can be in the range of a few MeV depending on the model parameters. Similar to $Z_b$ and $Z_b$, Voloshin suggested that there should be a resonance $Z_c$ at 4030 MeV which can be a molecular state of $D^*bar D^*$. Then we go on calculating its decay rates to all the aforementioned final states and as well the $D^*bar D^*$. It is found that if $Z_c(3900)$ is a molecular state of ${1oversqrt 2}(Dbar D^*+D^*bar D)$, the partial width of $Z_c(3900)to Dbar D^*$ is rather small, but the rate of $Z_c(3900)topsi(2s)pi$ is even larger than $Z_c(3900)to J/psipi$. The implications are discussed and it is indicated that with the luminosity of BES and BELLE, the experiments may finally determine if $Z_c(3900)$ is a molecular state or a tetraquark.
The successful operation of LHC provides a great opportunity to study the processes where heavy baryons are involved. {In this work we mainly study} the weak transitions of $Sigma_bto Sigma_c$. Assuming the reasonable quark-diquark structure where th
e two light quarks constitute an axial vector, we calculate the widths of semi-leptonic decay $Sigma_{b}toSigma_c e u_e$ and non-leptonic decay modes $Sigma_{b}toSigma_c +M$ (light mesons) in terms of the light front quark model. We first construct the vertex function for the concerned baryons and then deduce the form factors which are related to two Isgur-Wise functions for the $Sigma_{b}toSigma_c$ transition under the heavy quark limit. Our numerical results indicate that $Gamma(Sigma_{b}toSigma_c e u_e)$ is about $1.38times10^{10}{rm s}^{-1}$ and $Gamma(Sigma_{b}toSigma_c +M)$ is slightly below $1times10^{10}{rm s}^{-1}$ which may be accessed at the LHCb detector. By the flavor SU(3) symmetry we estimate the rates of $Omega_btoOmega_c$. We suggest to measure weak decays of $Omega_btoOmega_c$, because $Omega_b$ does not decay via strong interaction, the advantage is obvious.
The Light-front quark model (LFQM) has been applied to calculate the transition matrix elements of heavy hadron decays. However, it is noted that using the traditional wave functions of the LFQM given in literature, the theoretically determined decay
constants of the $Upsilon(nS)$ obviously contradict to the data. It implies that the wave functions must be modified. Keeping the orthogonality among the $nS$ states and fitting their decay constants we obtain a series of the wave functions for $Upsilon(nS)$. Based on these wave functions and by analogy to the hydrogen atom, we suggest a modified analytical form for the $Upsilon(nS)$ wave functions. By use of the modified wave functions, the obtained decay constants are close to the experimental data. Then we calculate the rates of radiative decays of $Upsilon(nS)to eta_b+gamma$. Our predictions are consistent with the experimental data on decays $Upsilon(3S)to eta_b+gamma$ within the theoretical and experimental errors.
The standard model (SM) plus a real gauge-singlet scalar field dubbed darkon (SM+D) is the simplest model possessing a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark-matter candidate. The upper limits for the WIMP-nucleon elastic cross-section as a
function of WIMP mass from the recent XENON10 and CDMS-II experiments rule out darkon mass ranges from 10 to (50,70,75) GeV for Higgs-boson masses of (120,200,350) GeV, respectively. This may exclude the possibility of the darkon providing an explanation for the gamma-ray excess observed in the EGRET data. We show that by extending the SM+D to a two-Higgs-doublet model plus a darkon the experimental constraints on the WIMP-nucleon interactions can be circumvented due to suppression occurring at some values of the product tan(alpha)tan(beta), with alpha being the neutral-Higgs mixing angle and tan(beta) the ratio of vacuum expectation values of the Higgs doublets. We also comment on the implication of the darkon model for Higgs searches at the LHC.
