Let $R=Bbbk[x_1,dots,x_n]$ be a polynomial ring over a field $Bbbk$ and let $Isubset R$ be a monomial ideal preserved by the natural action of the symmetric group $mathfrak S_n$ on $R$. We give a combinatorial method to determine the $mathfrak S_n$-m
odule structure of $mathrm{Tor}_i(I,Bbbk)$. Our formula shows that $mathrm{Tor}_i(I,Bbbk)$ is built from induced representations of tensor products of Specht modules associated to hook partitions, and their multiplicities are determined by topological Betti numbers of certain simplicial complexes. This result can be viewed as an $mathfrak S_n$-equivariant analogue of Hochsters formula for Betti numbers of monomial ideals. We apply our results to determine extremal Betti numbers of $mathfrak S_n$-invariant monomial ideals, and in particular recover formulas for their Castelnuovo--Mumford regularity and projective dimension. We also give a concrete recipe for how the Betti numbers change as we increase the number of variables, and in characteristic zero (or $>n$) we compute the $mathfrak S_n$-invariant part of $mathrm{Tor}_i(I,Bbbk)$ in terms of $mathrm{Tor}$ groups of the unsymmetrization of $I$.
Let $n$ be a positive integer. The main result of this manuscript is a construction of a filtration on the cohomology ring of a regular nilpotent Hessenberg variety in $GL(n,{mathbb{C}})/B$ such that its associated graded ring has graded pieces (i.e.
, homogeneous components) isomorphic to rings which are related to the cohomology rings of Hessenberg varieties in $GL(n-1,{mathbb{C}})/B$, showing the inductive nature of these rings. In previous work, the first two authors, together with Abe and Masuda, gave an explicit presentation of these cohomology rings in terms of generators and relations. We introduce a new set of polynomials which are closely related to the relations in the above presentation and obtain a sequence of equivalence relations they satisfy; this allows us to derive our filtration. In addition, we obtain the following three corollaries. First, we give an inductive formula for the Poincare polynomial of these varieties. Second, we give an explicit monomial basis for the cohomology rings of regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties with respect to the presentation mentioned above. Third, we derive a basis of the set of linear relations satisfied by the images of the Schubert classes in the cohomology rings of regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties. Finally, our methods and results suggest many directions for future work; in particular, we propose a definition of Hessenberg Schubert polynomials in the context of regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties, and outline several open questions pertaining to them.
Let $S_n$ be a polynomial ring with $n$ variables over a field and ${I_n}_{n geq 1}$ a chain of ideals such that each $I_n$ is a monomial ideal of $S_n$ fixed by permutations of the variables. In this paper, we present a way to determine all nonzero
positions of Betti tables of $I_n$ for all large intergers $n$ from the $mathbb Z^m$-graded Betti table of $I_m$ for some integer $m$. Our main result shows that the projective dimension and the regularity of $I_n$ eventually become linear functions on $n$, confirming a special case of conjectures posed by Le, Nagel, Nguyen and Romer.
We introduce a new algebra associated with a hyperplane arrangement $mathcal{A}$, called the Solomon-Terao algebra $mbox{ST}(mathcal{A},eta)$, where $eta$ is a homogeneous polynomial. It is shown by Solomon and Terao that $mbox{ST}(mathcal{A},eta)$ i
s Artinian when $eta$ is generic. This algebra can be considered as a generalization of coinvariant algebras in the setting of hyperplane arrangements. The class of Solomon-Terao algebras contains cohomology rings of regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties. We show that $mbox{ST}(mathcal{A},eta)$ is a complete intersection if and only if $mathcal{A}$ is free. We also give a factorization formula of the Hilbert polynomials when $mathcal{A}$ is free, and pose several related questions, problems and conjectures.
In this paper, we study the strong Lefschetz property of artinian complete intersection ideals generated by products of linear forms. We prove the strong Lefschetz property for a class of such ideals with binomial generators.
A basic combinatorial invariant of a convex polytope $P$ is its $f$-vector $f(P)=(f_0,f_1,dots,f_{dim P-1})$, where $f_i$ is the number of $i$-dimensional faces of $P$. Steinitz characterized all possible $f$-vectors of $3$-polytopes and Grunbaum cha
racterized the pairs given by the first two entries of the $f$-vectors of $4$-polytopes. In this paper, we characterize the pairs given by the first two entries of the $f$-vectors of $5$-polytopes. The same result was also proved by Pineda-Villavicencio, Ugon and Yost independently.
In this paper, we show that two balanced triangulations of a closed surface are not necessary connected by a sequence of balanced stellar subdivisions and welds. This answers a question posed by Izmestiev, Klee and Novik. We also show that two balanc
ed triangulations of a closed surface are connected by a sequence of three local operations, which we call the pentagon contraction, the balanced edge subdivision and the balanced edge weld. In addition, we prove that two balanced triangulations of the 2-sphere are connected by a sequence of pentagon contractions and their inverses if none of them are octahedral spheres.
A simplicial complex of dimension $d-1$ is said to be balanced if its graph is $d$-colorable. Juhnke-Kubitzke and Murai proved an analogue of the generalized lower bound theorem for balanced simplicial polytopes. We establish a generalization of thei
r result to balanced triangulations of closed homology manifolds and balanced triangulations of orientable homology manifolds with boundary under an additional assumption that all proper links of these triangulations have the weak Lefschetz property. As a corollary, we show that if $Delta$ is an arbitrary balanced triangulation of any closed homology manifold of dimension $d-1 geq 3$, then $2h_2(Delta) - (d-1)h_1(Delta) geq 4{d choose 2}(tilde{beta}_1(Delta)-tilde{beta}_0(Delta))$, thus verifying a conjecture by Klee and Novik. To prove these results we develop the theory of flag $h$-vectors.
We resolve a conjecture of Kalai asserting that the $g_2$-number of any simplicial complex $Delta$ that represents a connected normal pseudomanifold of dimension $dgeq 3$ is at least as large as ${d+2 choose 2}m(Delta)$, where $m(Delta)$ denotes the
minimum number of generators of the fundamental group of $Delta$. Furthermore, we prove that a weaker bound, $h_2(Delta)geq {d+1 choose 2}m(Delta)$, applies to any $d$-dimensional pure simplicial poset $Delta$ all of whose faces of co-dimension $geq 2$ have connected links. This generalizes a result of Klee. Finally, for a pure relative simplicial poset $Psi$ all of whose vertex links satisfy Serres condition $(S_r)$, we establish lower bounds on $h_1(Psi),ldots,h_r(Psi)$ in terms of the $mu$-numbers introduced by Bagchi and Datta.
In this paper, we study Lefschetz properties of Artinian reductions of Stanley-Reisner rings of balanced simplicial $3$-polytopes. A $(d-1)$-dimensional simplicial complex is said to be balanced if its graph is $d$-colorable. If a simplicial complex
is balanced, then its Stanley-Reisner ring has a special system of parameters induced by the coloring. We prove that the Artinian reduction of the Stanley-Reisner ring of a balanced simplicial $3$-polytope with respect to this special system of parameters has the strong Lefschetz property if the characteristic of the base field is not two or three. Moreover, we characterize $(2,1)$-balanced simplicial polytopes, i.e., polytopes with exactly one red vertex and two blue vertices in each facet, such that an analogous property holds. In fact, we show that this is the case if and only if the induced graph on the blue vertices satisfies a Laman-type combinatorial condition.
