We study nuclear stopping in central collisions for heavy-ion induced reactions in the Fermi energy domain, between $15$ and $100$ A,textrm{MeV}. Using the large dataset of exclusive measurements provided by the $4pi$ array emph{INDRA}, we determine
the relative degree of stopping as a function of system mass and bombarding energy. We show that the stopping can be directly related to the transport properties in the nuclear medium. By looking specifically at free nucleons (here protons), we present for the first time a comprehensive body of experimental results concerning the mean free path, the nucleon-nucleon cross-section and in-medium effects in nuclear matter. It is shown that the mean free path exhibits a maximum at $lambda_{NN}=9.5 pm 2$ textrm{fm}, around $E_{inc}=35-40$ A,textrm{MeV} incident energy and decreases toward an asymptotic value $lambda_{NN}= 4.5 pm 1$ textrm{fm} at $E_{inc} = 100$ A,textrm{MeV}. After accounting for Pauli blocking of elastic nucleon-nucleon collisions, it is shown that the effective in-medium emph{NN} cross section is further reduced compared to the free value in this energy range. Therefore, in-medium effects cannot be neglected in the Fermi energy range. These results bring new fundamental inputs for microscopic descriptions of nuclear reactions in the Fermi energy domain.
Piggyback Micromegas consists in a novel readout architecture where the anode element is made of a resistive layer on a ceramic substrate. The resistive layer is deposited on the thin ceramic substrate by an industrial process which provides large dy
namic range of resistivity (10$^6$ to 10$^{10}$,M$Omega$/square). The particularity of this new structure is that the active part is entirely dissociated from the read-out element. This gives a large flexibility on the design of the anode structure and the readout scheme. Without significant loss, signals are transmitted by capacitive coupling to the read-out pads. The detector provides high gas gain, good energy resolution and the resistive layer assures spark protection for the electronics. This assembly could be combined with modern pixel array electronic ASICs. First tests with different Piggyback detectors and configurations will be presented. This structure is adequate for cost effective fabrication and low outgassing detectors. It was designed to perform in sealed mode and its long term stability has been extensively studied. In addition perspectives on the future developments will be evoked.
In carbon-therapy, the interaction of the incoming beam with human tissues may lead to the production of a large amount of nuclear fragments and secondary light particles. An accurate estimation of the biological dose deposited into the tumor and the
surrounding healthy tissues thus requires sophisticated simulation tools based on nuclear reaction models. The validity of such models requires intensive comparisons with as many sets of experimental data as possible. Up to now, a rather limited set of double di erential carbon fragmentation cross sections have been measured in the energy range used in hadrontherapy (up to 400 MeV/A). However, new data have been recently obtained at intermediate energy (95 MeV/A). The aim of this work is to compare the reaction models embedded in the GEANT4 Monte Carlo toolkit with these new data. The strengths and weaknesses of each tested model, i.e. G4BinaryLightIonReaction, G4QMDReaction and INCL++, coupled to two di fferent de-excitation models, i.e. the generalized evaporation model and the Fermi break-up are discussed.
Composite mirrors for gamma-ray astronomy have been developed to fulfill the specifications required for the next generation of Cherenkov telescopes represented by CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array). In addition to the basic requirements on focus and re
flection efficiency, the mirrors have to be stiff, lightweight, durable and cost efficient. In this paper, the technology developed to produce such mirrors is described, as well as some tests that have been performed to validate them. It is shown that these mirrors comply with the needs of CTA, making them good candidates for use on a significant part of the array.
The characterization of hot quasi-projectiles produced in symmetric or quasi-symmetric reactions (Au + Au, Xe + Sn, Ni + Ni, Ar + KCl) at di erent incident energies are estimated by means of two di erent procedures. The advantages and disadvantages o
f each method are analyzed on the basis of simulations using events produced by two slightly di erent models: HIPSE and ELIE.
