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Register a new userStyle Pooling: Automatic Text Style Obfuscation for Improved Classification Fairness
تجميع النمط: التلقائي نمط النص
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يمكن أن تكشف نمط النص أن يكشف السمات الحساسة للمؤلف (E.G. العمر والسباق) للقارئ، والذي يمكن، بدوره، يؤدي إلى انتهاكات الخصوصية والتحيز في كل من القرارات البشرية والخضارات على أساس النص. على سبيل المثال، قد تكشف أسلوب الكتابة في تطبيقات الوظائف عن سمات المرشح المحمية التي يمكن أن تؤدي إلى التحيز في اتخاذ القرارات، بغض النظر عما إذا كانت القرارات التوصية مجددا أو من قبل البشر. نقترح إطارا أساسيا يستند إلى VAE يهدف إلى توضيح الملامح الأسلوبية للنص الذي تم إنشاؤه بشريا من خلال نقل النمط، عن طريق إعادة كتابة النص نفسه تلقائيا. نقدي، يعمل إطار عملنا على فكرة النمط الذي تم توعيته بطريقة مرنة تمكن مفاهيمين متميزين من النمط المباشر: (1) الحد الأدنى من الفكرة التي تتقاطع بشكل فعال أن الأنماط المختلفة التي شوهدت في التدريب، و (2) مفهوم أقصى يسعى إلى التباطؤ بإضافة ميزات أسلوبية لجميع السمات الحساسة إلى النص، ساري المفعول، حوسبة نقابة الأساليب. يمكن استخدام إطار عملنا النمط الخاص بنا لأغراض متعددة، ومع ذلك، فإننا نوضح فعاليته في تحسين نزاهة المصب المصب. نقوم أيضا بإجراء دراسة شاملة عن تأثير تجمع الأنماط على الطلاقة والاتساق الدلالي، وإزالة السمة من النص، في اثنين وثلاث نقل نمط النطاق.
Text style can reveal sensitive attributes of the author (e.g. age and race) to the reader, which can, in turn, lead to privacy violations and bias in both human and algorithmic decisions based on text. For example, the style of writing in job applications might reveal protected attributes of the candidate which could lead to bias in hiring decisions, regardless of whether hiring decisions are made algorithmically or by humans. We propose a VAE-based framework that obfuscates stylistic features of human-generated text through style transfer, by automatically re-writing the text itself. Critically, our framework operationalizes the notion of obfuscated style in a flexible way that enables two distinct notions of obfuscated style: (1) a minimal notion that effectively intersects the various styles seen in training, and (2) a maximal notion that seeks to obfuscate by adding stylistic features of all sensitive attributes to text, in effect, computing a union of styles. Our style-obfuscation framework can be used for multiple purposes, however, we demonstrate its effectiveness in improving the fairness of downstream classifiers. We also conduct a comprehensive study on style-pooling's effect on fluency, semantic consistency, and attribute removal from text, in two and three domain style transfer.
References used
https://aclanthology.org/
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Learning a good latent representation is essential for text style transfer, which generates a new sentence by changing the attributes of a given sentence while preserving its content. Most previous works adopt disentangled latent representation learn
ing to realize style transfer. We propose a novel text style transfer algorithm with entangled latent representation, and introduce a style classifier that can regulate the latent structure and transfer style. Moreover, our algorithm for style transfer applies to both single-attribute and multi-attribute transfer. Extensive experimental results show that our method generally outperforms state-of-the-art approaches.
Unsupervised style transfer models are mainly based on an inductive learning approach, which represents the style as embeddings, decoder parameters, or discriminator parameters and directly applies these general rules to the test cases. However, the
lacking of parallel corpus hinders the ability of these inductive learning methods on this task. As a result, it is likely to cause severe inconsistent style expressions, like the salad is rude'. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel transductive learning approach in this paper, based on a retrieval-based context-aware style representation. Specifically, an attentional encoder-decoder with a retriever framework is utilized. It involves top-K relevant sentences in the target style in the transfer process. In this way, we can learn a context-aware style embedding to alleviate the above inconsistency problem. In this paper, both sparse (BM25) and dense retrieval functions (MIPS) are used, and two objective functions are designed to facilitate joint learning. Experimental results show that our method outperforms several strong baselines. The proposed transductive learning approach is general and effective to the task of unsupervised style transfer, and we will apply it to the other two typical methods in the future.
Text style transfer involves rewriting the content of a source sentence in a target style. Despite there being a number of style tasks with available data, there has been limited systematic discussion of how text style datasets relate to each other.
This understanding, however, is likely to have implications for selecting multiple data sources for model training. While it is prudent to consider inherent stylistic properties when determining these relationships, we also must consider how a style is realized in a particular dataset. In this paper, we conduct several empirical analyses of existing text style datasets. Based on our results, we propose a categorization of stylistic and dataset properties to consider when utilizing or comparing text style datasets.
In most cases, the lack of parallel corpora makes it impossible to directly train supervised models for the text style transfer task. In this paper, we explore training algorithms that instead optimize reward functions that explicitly consider differ
ent aspects of the style-transferred outputs. In particular, we leverage semantic similarity metrics originally used for fine-tuning neural machine translation models to explicitly assess the preservation of content between system outputs and input texts. We also investigate the potential weaknesses of the existing automatic metrics and propose efficient strategies of using these metrics for training. The experimental results show that our model provides significant gains in both automatic and human evaluation over strong baselines, indicating the effectiveness of our proposed methods and training strategies.
Text style transfer aims to controllably generate text with targeted stylistic changes while maintaining core meaning from the source sentence constant. Many of the existing style transfer benchmarks primarily focus on individual high-level semantic
changes (e.g. positive to negative), which enable controllability at a high level but do not offer fine-grained control involving sentence structure, emphasis, and content of the sentence. In this paper, we introduce a large-scale benchmark, StylePTB, with (1) paired sentences undergoing 21 fine-grained stylistic changes spanning atomic lexical, syntactic, semantic, and thematic transfers of text, as well as (2) compositions of multiple transfers which allow modeling of fine-grained stylistic changes as building blocks for more complex, high-level transfers. By benchmarking existing methods on StylePTB, we find that they struggle to model fine-grained changes and have an even more difficult time composing multiple styles. As a result, StylePTB brings novel challenges that we hope will encourage future research in controllable text style transfer, compositional models, and learning disentangled representations. Solving these challenges would present important steps towards controllable text generation.
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