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Register a new userQuantum random walks and their convergence
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Authors
Lingaraj Sahu
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Using coordinate-free basic operators on toy Fock spaces cite{AP}, quantum random walks are defined following the ideas in cite{LP,AP}. Strong convergence of quantum random walks associated with bounded structure maps is proved under suitable assumptions, extendings the result obtained in cite{KBS} in case of one dimensional noise. To handle infinite dimensional noise we have used the coordinate-free language of quantum stochastic calculus developed in cite{GS1}.
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Given a conditionally completely positive map $mathcal L$ on a unital $ast$-algebra $A$, we find an interesting connection between the second Hochschild cohomology of $A$ with coefficients in the bimodule $E_{mathcal L}=B^a(A oplus M)$ of adjointable maps, where $M$ is the GNS bimodule of $mathcal L$, and the possibility of constructing a quantum random walk (in the sense of cite{AP,LP,L,KBS}) corresponding to $mathcal L$.
We study quotients of the Toeplitz C*-algebra of a random walk, similar to those studied by the author and Markiewicz for finite stochastic matrices. We introduce a new Cuntz-type quotient C*-algebra for random walks that have convergent ratios of transition probabilities. These C*-algebras give rise to new notions of ratio limit space and boundary for such random walks, which are computed by appealing to a companion paper by Woess. Our combined results are leveraged to identify a unique symmetry-equivariant quotient C*-algebra for any symmetric random walk on a hyperbolic group, shedding light on a question of Viselter on C*-algebras of subproduct systems.
A new model of quantum random walks is introduced, on lattices as well as on finite graphs. These quantum random walks take into account the behavior of open quantum systems. They are the exact quantum analogues of classical Markov chains. We explore the quantum trajectory point of view on these quantum random walks, that is, we show that measuring the position of the particle after each time- step gives rise to a classical Markov chain, on the lattice times the state space of the particle. This quantum trajectory is a simulation of the master equation of the quantum random walk. The physical pertinence of such quantum random walks and the way they can be concretely realized is discussed. Differences and connections with the already well-known quantum random walks, such as the Hadamard random walk, are established.
We study a particular class of complex-valued random variables and their associated random walks: the complex obtuse random variables. They are the generalization to the complex case of the real-valued obtuse random variables which were introduced in cite{A-E} in order to understand the structure of normal martingales in $RR^n$.The extension to the complex case is mainly motivated by considerations from Quantum Statistical Mechanics, in particular for the seek of a characterization of those quantum baths acting as classical noises. The extension of obtuse random variables to the complex case is far from obvious and hides very interesting algebraical structures. We show that complex obtuse random variables are characterized by a 3-tensor which admits certain symmetries which we show to be the exact 3-tensor analogue of the normal character for 2-tensors (i.e. matrices), that is, a necessary and sufficient condition for being diagonalizable in some orthonormal basis. We discuss the passage to the continuous-time limit for these random walks and show that they converge in distribution to normal martingales in $CC^N$. We show that the 3-tensor associated to these normal martingales encodes their behavior, in particular the diagonalization directions of the 3-tensor indicate the directions of the space where the martingale behaves like a diffusion and those where it behaves like a Poisson process. We finally prove the convergence, in the continuous-time limit, of the corresponding multiplication operators on the canonical Fock space, with an explicit expression in terms of the associated 3-tensor again.
We prove a number of results to the effect that generic quantum graphs (defined via operator systems as in the work of Duan-Severini-Winter / Weaver) have few symmetries: for a Zariski-dense open set of tuples $(X_1,cdots,X_d)$ of traceless self-adjoint operators in the $ntimes n$ matrix algebra the corresponding operator system has trivial automorphism group, in the largest possible range for the parameters: $2le dle n^2-3$. Moreover, the automorphism group is generically abelian in the larger parameter range $1le dle n^2-2$. This then implies that for those respective parameters the corresponding random-quantum-graph model built on the GUE ensembles of $X_i$s (mimicking the ErdH{o}s-R{e}nyi $G(n,p)$ model) has trivial/abelian automorphism group almost surely.
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