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The KLL Auger spectrum of rubidium following the electron capture decay of $^{83}$Sr and $^{85}$Sr isotopes was experimentally studied in detail for the first time using one $^{83}$Sr source and three $^{85}$Sr sources in different host matrices. Energies, relative intensities, and natural widths of all the nine well-resolved basic spectrum components were determined and compared with both predictions and experimental data for krypton. Results of our multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations demonstrated an influence of the atomic structure effect on absolute energies of the KLL transitions following the creation of initial vacancies by the electron capture decay. Environmental effects on the KLL Auger spectrum were distinctly observed only for the absolute transition energies.
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The KLM+KLN Auger electron spectrum of rubidium (Z=37) emitted in the electron capture decay of radioactive $^{83}$Sr in a polycrystalline platinum matrix and also $^{85}$Sr in polycrystalline platinum and carbon matrices as well as in an evaporated layer onto a carbon backing was experimentally studied in detail for the first time using a combined electrostatic electron spectrometer. Energies, relative intensities, and natural widths of fifteen basic spectrum components were determined and compared with both theoretical predictions and experimental data for krypton (Z=36). Relative spectrum line energies obtained from the semi-empirical calculations in intermediate coupling scheme were found to agree within 3$sigma$ with the measured values while disagreement with experiment exceeding 3$sigma$ was often observed for values obtained from our multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations. The absolute energy of the dominant spectrum component given by the semi-empirical approach agrees within 1$sigma$ with the measured value. Shifts of + (0.2$pm$0.2) and - (1.9$pm$0.2) eV were measured for the dominant KLM spectrum components between the $^{85}$Sr sources prepared by vacuum evaporation on and implanted into the carbon foil, respectively, relative to $^{85}$Sr implanted into the platinum foil. A value of (713$pm$2) eV was determined for the energy difference of the dominant components of the KLM+KLN Auger electron spectra of rubidium and krypton generated in the polycrystalline platinum matrix. From the detailed analysis of the measured data and available theoretical results, the general conclusion can be drawn that the proper description of the KLM+KLN Auger electron spectrum for Z around 37 should still be based on intermediate coupling of angular momenta taking into account relativistic effects.
The low-energy electron spectra emitted in the radioactive decay of the $^{83}$Rb and $^{83}$Sr isotopes were measured with a combined electrostatic electron spectrometer. Radioactive sources used were prepared by ion implantation of $^{83}$Sr into a high purity polycrystalline platinum foil at 30 keV and by vacuum-evaporation deposition of $^{83}$ Rb on the same type of foil. From the measured conversion electron spectra, the electron binding energies (referenced to the Fermi level) for the K, L$_1$ , L$_2$ , L$_3$ , M$_1$ , M$_2$, and M$_3$ shell/subshells of krypton in the platinum host were determined to be 14 316.4(12), 1 914.3(9), 1 720.3(9), 1 667.6(9), 281.5(9), 209.6(13), and 201.2(15) eV, respectively, and those for the evaporated layer were observed to be lower by 0.7(1) eV. For both host matrices, values of 2.3(2), 4.6(2), 1.7(2), 1.3(2), and 3.2(3) eV were obtained for the krypton K, L$_1$ , L$_2$ , L$_3$ , and M$_1$ natural atomic level widths, respectively. The absolute energies of 10 838.5(9) and 10 839.5(10) eV were measured for the KL$_2$L$_3$ ($^{1}$D$_2$) Auger transition in krypton implanted in Pt and generated in the evaporated rubidium layer, respectively. A value of 601.0(8) eV was measured for the energy difference of the KL$_2$L$_3$ ($^{1}$D$_2$) transitions in Rb and Kr in the Pt host. Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations of the krypton KLL transition energies and intensities were also performed.
Single photon laser enabled Auger decay (spLEAD) has been redicted theoretically [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 083004 (2013)] and here we report its first experimental observation in neon. Using coherent, bichromatic free-electron laser pulses, we have detected the process and coherently controlled the angular distribution of the emitted electrons by varying the phase difference between the two laser fields. Since spLEAD is highly sensitive to electron correlation, this is a promising method for probing both correlation and ultrafast hole migration in more complex systems.
In this work we report the modification of the normal Auger line shape under the action of an intense x-ray radiation. Under strong Rabi-type coupling of the core, the Auger line profile develops into a doublet structure with an energy separation mainly determined by the relative strength of the Rabi coupling. In addition, we find that the charge resolved ion yields can be controlled by judicious choice of the x-ray frequency.
Two--photon decay of hydrogen--like ions is studied within the framework of second--order perturbation theory, based on relativistic Diracs equation. Special attention is paid to the effects arising from the summation over the negative--energy (intermediate virtual) states that occurs in such a framework. In order to investigate the role of these states, detailed calculations have been carried out for the $2s_{1/2} - 1s_{1/2}$ and $2p_{1/2} - 1s_{1/2}$ transitions in neutral hydrogen H as well as for hydrogen--like xenon Xe$^{53+}$ and uranium U$^{91+}$ ions. We found that for a correct evaluation of the total and energy--differential decay rates, summation over the negative--energy part of Diracs spectrum should be properly taken into account both for high--$Z$ and low--$Z$ atomic systems.
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