آلاف السدود تم بناؤها حول العالم، إلا أن تاريخ بنائها مقترن مع تاريخ حافل من حالات الفشل و الانهيار، نظراً لارتفاع مناسيب المياه فيها، مما يعود بعواقب كارثية على البيئة و المجتمع، فعندما يفشل السد تتحرر كميات كبيرة جداً من المياه مهددةً حياة الأشخاص و ممتلكاتهم، و يعود هذا إلى الوقت القصير المتاح للتحذير و الإخلاء.
يوفر هذا البحث لمحة عن أهم أسباب الانهيار، مع دراسة لاحتمال الفشل الناتج عن خرق افتراضي في سد 16 تشرين ناتج عن تدفق الماء من فوق قمته، حيث تم التنبؤ بالخرق المؤدي للانهيار و تحديد خصائصه و هي: ارتفاع الخرق، عرض الخرق، الزمن اللازم لتطور الخرق، التدفق الأعظمي الخارج منه، و من ثم وضع خرائط الغمر التي تمثل حدود انتشار الموجه الفيضانية في المجرى، كما تم اقتراح خطة مبسطه للإخلاء.
و توصلت النتائج إلى أن الموجة الفيضانية الناتجة عن الانهيار تندفع محملة بغزارة 54631 مشكلة جدار مائي بارتفاع 17 متر ينتقل عبر المجرى بسرعة 14 m/sec و ينتشر على مساحة 45.22 كيلومتر مربع، مسبباّ غمر 7 قرى أهمها ستخيرس و روضو اللتان تغمران بالكامل، و 30 منشأة اقتصادية أهمها المنطقة الصناعية التي تغمر بالكامل أيضاّ، و تراوحت أعماق الغمر من m 17-2 ، مما يسبب خسائر فادحة و يلحق الضرر بحوالي 30000 شخص و أكثر من 7000 شخص من المتوقع أن يلقوا حتفهم مالم يتم الإعداد الفعلي لخطة طوارئ.
Thousands of dams have been built around the world, but, the date of construction is
associated with a history of failures and collapse, due to the high water levels, generating
higher returns consequences disastrous for the environment and society, when dam fails
released very large amounts of water threatened the lives of persons and property, it
returns to the short time available for warning and evacuation.
This paper provides an overview of the most important reasons for the collapse, with
a study about possibility failure product from supposed breach in 16 Tishreen dam, caused
by the flow of water over the top, where the predicted of breach that leading to collapse is
done and determine its characteristics, namely: High, width, time required to development
of the breach, the maximum flow out of it, and also generate flood maps that represent the
limits of the spread of flood wave downstream, in addition tosuggest a simplified plan for
the evacuation
Results led to the flooded wave caused by the collapsehurtling loaded
adischargeabout 54631 , causes a wall of water with 17 meters high moves
through the downstream river with 14 m/sec speed, the wave spreadover 45.24
,causing submerge for 7 villages the most important of it Stkhers and Rodo which are
completely submerged, and 30 economical facility the most important of it industrial area
that also completely submerged, the water depths ranged from 2 to 17 meter, which
causing heavy casualtiesand damage about 30000 people, and more than 7000peopleare
expected to die, unless the actual preparations of emergency plan.
References used
FROELICH, D. C. Embankment-Dam Breach parameters. National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, Virginia, August 3-7,1987, p570-575
FROEHLICH, D. C. Embankment Dam Breach Parameters and Their Uncertainties. ASCEJournal of Hydraulic Engineering, U.S.A, Vol. 134, No. 12, December 2008, pages 1708-1721
XU, Y;ZHANG, L. M. Breaching Parameters for Earth and Rock Fill Dams. Journal of Geotechnical and Environmental Engineering, Volume 135, No. 12,December 2009, pages 1957 -1970
The statistical Study of Jointsarround 16 Tishreen lake dame region in ALKabir
ALShimali river basin showed the presence of several main groups of Joints with
directions NE-SW _ NNE-SSW, NW-SE, E-W.
- Group NE-SW: showed correspond to with the fau
This study was conducted to determine the chemical and physical analysis of
two important water sources in the coastal erea, namely: Northern Elkabeer
river and Balloran Dam. The study took a year and a half starting from June
١٩٩٩.
The temperatu
This study aimed at determining the fish fauna composition in 16th of Tishreen Lake
(Alkabeer Alshimali River). A total of 730 individual fishes were collected between April
2012 and March 2013 from five different sites along the lake /Alsafkoon, W
The research aims to determine the water Quality Index for the Lake of 16 Tishreen Dam. To achieve
this aim, we have carried out different periodical physic-chemical and bacterial measurements on the lake
water. The samples were taken at five sites
Study of the general characteristics of Fractures in the central part of
the AL-Kabir AL- Shimali river basin showed the presence of
several main groups of Fractures with directions NE-SW _ NNESSW,
NW-SE , E-W.and showed increased fracture rate in