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Register a new userNews on Strangeness at Ultrarelativistic Energies - Review of Microscopic Models
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Sven Soff
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We review recent developments in the field of microscopic transport model calculations for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. In particular, we focus on the strangeness production, for example, the phi-meson and its role as a messenger of the early phase of the system evolution. Moreover, we discuss the important effects of the (soft) field properties on the multiparticle system. We outline some current problems of the models as well as possible solutions to them.
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Dilepton production in $pp$ and $Au+Au$ nucleus-nucleus collisions at $sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV as well as in $In+In$ and $Pb+Au$ at 158 A$cdot$GeV is studied within the microscopic HSD transport approach. A comparison to the data from the PHENIX Collaboration at RHIC shows that standard in-medium effects of the $rho, omega$ vector mesons - compatible with the NA60 data for $In+In$ at 158 A$cdot$GeV and the CERES data for $Pb+Au$ at 158 A$cdot$GeV - do not explain the large enhancement observed in the invariant mass regime from 0.2 to 0.5 GeV in $Au+Au$ collisions at $sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV relative to $pp$ collisions.
We calculate the asymptotic high-energy amplitude for electrons scattering at one ion as well as at two colliding ions, respectively, by means of perturbation theory. We show that the interaction with one ion eikonalizes and that the interaction with two ions causally decouples. We are able to put previous results on perturbative grounds and propose further applications for the obtained rules for interactions on the light cone. The formalism will be of use for the calculation of Coulomb corrections to electron-positron pair creation in heavy ion collisions. Finally we discuss the results and inherent dangers of the employed approximations.
We review the recent developments on microscopic transport calculations for two-particle correlations at low relative momenta in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC.
We describe a model of jet quenching in nuclear collisions at RHIC energies. In the model, jet quenching is to be caused by the interruption of jet formation by nucleons arriving at the position of jet formation in a time shorter than the jet formation time. Our mechanism predicts suppression of high-pt spectra also in d+Au reactions.
This article reviews how nuclear fission is described within nuclear density functional theory. In spontaneous fission, half-lives are the main observables and quantum tunnelling the essential concept, while in induced fission the focus is on fragment properties and explicitly time-dependent approaches are needed. The cornerstone of the current microscopic theory of fission is the energy density functional formalism. Its basic tenets, including tools such as the HFB theory, effective two-body effective nuclear potentials, finite-temperature extensions and beyond mean-field corrections, are presented succinctly. The EDF approach is often combined with the hypothesis that the time-scale of the large amplitude collective motion driving the system to fission is slow compared to typical time-scales of nucleons inside the nucleus. In practice, this hypothesis of adiabaticity is implemented by introducing (a few) collective variables and mapping out the many-body Schrodinger equation into a collective Schrodinger-like equation for the nuclear wave-packet. Scission configurations indicate where the split occurs. This collective Schrodinger equation depends on an inertia tensor that includes the response of the system to small changes in the collective variables and also plays a special role in the determination of spontaneous fission half-lives. A trademark of the microscopic theory of fission is the tremendous amount of computing needed for practical applications. In particular, the successful implementation of the theories presented in this article requires a very precise numerical resolution of the HFB equations for large values of the collective variables. Finally, a selection of the most recent and representative results obtained for both spontaneous and induced fission is presented with the goal of emphasizing the coherence of the microscopic approaches employed.
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