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Register a new userCauchy-perturbative matching and outer boundary conditions I: Methods and tests
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We present a new method of extracting gravitational radiation from three-dimensional numerical relativity codes and providing outer boundary conditions. Our approach matches the solution of a Cauchy evolution of Einsteins equations to a set of one-dimensional linear wave equations on a curved background. We illustrate the mathematical properties of our approach and discuss a numerical module we have constructed for this purpose. This module implements the perturbative matching approach in connection with a generic three-dimensional numerical relativity simulation. Tests of its accuracy and second-order convergence are presented with analytic linear wave data.
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The Binary Black Hole Grand Challenge Alliance: A. M. Abrahams
, L.n Rezzolla
, M. E. Rupright
1997
We present a method for extracting gravitational radiation from a three-dimensional numerical relativity simulation and, using the extracted data, to provide outer boundary conditions. The method treats dynamical gravitational variables as nonspherical perturbations of Schwarzschild geometry. We discuss a code which implements this method and present results of tests which have been performed with a three dimensional numerical relativity code.
This paper gives a detailed pedagogic presentation of the central concepts underlying a new algorithm for the numerical solution of Einsteins equations for gravitation. This approach incorporates the best features of the two leading approaches to computational gravitation, carving up spacetime via Cauchy hypersurfaces within a central worldtube, and using characteristic hypersurfaces in its exterior to connect this region with null infinity and study gravitational radiation. It has worked well in simplified test problems, and is currently being used to build computer codes to simulate black hole collisions in 3-D.
From Einsteins theory we know that besides the electromagnetic spectrum, objects like quasars, active galactic nuclei, pulsars and black holes also generate a physical signal of purely gravitational nature. The actual form of the signal is impossible to determine analytically, which lead to use of numerical methods. Two major approaches emerged. The first one formulates the gravitational radiation problem as a standard Cauchy initial value problem, while the other approach uses a Characteristic Initial value formulation. In the strong field region, where caustics in the wavefronts are likely to form, the Cauchy formulation is more advantageous. On the other side, the Characteristic formulation is uniquely suited to study radiation problems because it describes space-time in terms of radiation wavefronts. The fact that the advantages and disadvantages of these two systems are complementary suggests that one may want to use the two of them together. In a full nonlinear problem it would be advantageous to evolve the inner (strong field) region using Cauchy evolution and the outer (radiation) region with the Characteristic approach. Cauchy Characteristic Matching enables one to evolve the whole space-time matching the boundaries of Cauchy and Characteristic evolution. The methodology of Cauchy Characteristic Matching has been successful in numerical evolution of the spherically symmetric Klein-Gordon-Einstein field equations as well as for 3-D non-linear wave equations. In this thesis the same methodology is studied in the context of the Einstein equations.
We recast the well known Israel-Darmois matching conditions for Locally Rotationally Symmetric (LRS-II) spacetimes using the semitetrad 1+1+2 covariant formalism. This demonstrates how the geometrical quantities including the volume expansion, spacetime shear, acceleration and Weyl curvature of two different spacetimes are related at a general matching surface inheriting the symmetry, which can be timelike or spacelike. The approach is purely geometrical and depends on matching the Gaussian curvature of 2-dimensional sheets at the matching hypersurface. This also provides the constraints on the thermodynamic quantities on each spacetime so that they can be matched smoothly across the surface. As an example we regain the Santos boundary conditions and model of a radiating star matched to a Vaidya exterior in general relativity.
We investigate the initial-boundary value problem for linearized gravitational theory in harmonic coordinates. Rigorous techniques for hyperbolic systems are applied to establish well-posedness for various reductions of the system into a set of six wave equations. The results are used to formulate computational algorithms for Cauchy evolution in a 3-dimensional bounded domain. Numerical codes based upon these algorithms are shown to satisfy tests of robust stability for random constraint violating initial data and random boundary data; and shown to give excellent performance for the evolution of typical physical data. The results are obtained for plane boundaries as well as piecewise cubic spherical boundaries cut out of a Cartesian grid.
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