We investigate the initial-boundary value problem for linearized gravitational theory in harmonic coordinates. Rigorous techniques for hyperbolic systems are applied to establish well-posedness for various reductions of the system into a set of six wave equations. The results are used to formulate computational algorithms for Cauchy evolution in a 3-dimensional bounded domain. Numerical codes based upon these algorithms are shown to satisfy tests of robust stability for random constraint violating initial data and random boundary data; and shown to give excellent performance for the evolution of typical physical data. The results are obtained for plane boundaries as well as piecewise cubic spherical boundaries cut out of a Cartesian grid.
Lorentz and diffeomorphism violations are studied in linearized gravity using effective field theory. A classification of all gauge-invariant and gauge-violating terms is given. The exact covariant dispersion relation for gravitational modes involving operators of arbitrary mass dimension is constructed, and various special limits are discussed.
In this work we study the theory of linearized gravity via the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism. We make a brief review of this theory and its Lagrangian description, as well as a review of the Hamilton-Jacobi approach for singular systems. Then we apply this formalism to analyze the constraint structure of the linearized gravity in instant and front-form dynamics.
Since the entropy of stationary black holes in Horndeski gravity will be modified by the non-minimally coupling scalar field, a significant issue of whether the Wald entropy still obeys the linearized second law of black hole thermodynamics can be proposed. To investigate this issue, a physical process that the black hole in Horndeski gravity is perturbed by the accreting matter fields and finally settles down to a stationary state is considered. According to the two assumptions that there is a regular bifurcation surface in the background spacetime and that the matter fields always satisfy the null energy condition, one can show that the Wald entropy monotonically increases along the future event horizon under the linear order approximation without any specific expression of the metric. It illustrates that the Wald entropy of black holes in Horndeski gravitational theory still obeys the requirement of the linearized second law. Our work strengthens the physical explanation of Wald entropy in Horndeski gravity and takes a step towards studying the area increase theorem in the gravitational theories with non-minimal coupled matter fields.
Within a first-order framework, we comprehensively examine the role played by boundary conditions in the canonical formulation of a completely general two-dimensional gravity model. Our analysis particularly elucidates the perennial themes of mass and energy. The gravity models for which our arguments are valid include theories with dynamical torsion and so-called generalized dilaton theories (GDTs). Our analysis of the canonical action principle (i) provides a rigorous correspondence between the most general first-order two-dimensional Einstein-Cartan model (ECM) and GDT and (ii) allows us to extract in a virtually simultaneous manner the ``true degrees of freedom for both ECMs and GDTs. For all such models, the existence of an absolutely conserved (in vacuo) quantity C is a generic feature, with (minus) C corresponding to the black-hole mass parameter in the important special cases of spherically symmetric four-dimensional general relativity and standard two-dimensional dilaton gravity. The mass C also includes (minimally coupled) matter into a ``universal mass function. We place particular emphasis on the (quite general) class of models within GDT possessing a Minkowski-like groundstate solution (allowing comparison between $C$ and the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner mass for such models).
$f(P)$ gravity is a novel extension of ECG in which the Ricci scalar in the action is replaced by a function of the curvature invariant $P$ which represents the contractions of the Riemann tensor at the cubic order cite{p}. The present work is concentrated on bounding some $f(P)$ gravity models using the concept of energy conditions where the functional forms of $f(P)$ are represented as textbf{a)} $f(P) = alpha sqrt{P}$, and textbf{b)} $f(P) = alpha exp (P)$, where $alpha$ is the sole model parameter. Energy conditions are interesting linear relationships between pressure and density and have been extensively employed to derive interesting results in Einsteins gravity, and are also an excellent tool to impose constraints on any cosmological model. To place the bounds, we ensured that the energy density must remain positive, the pressure must remain negative, and the EoS parameter must attain a value close to $-1$ to make sure that the bounds respect the accelerated expansion of the Universe and are also in harmony with the latest observational data. We report that for both the models, suitable parameter spaces exist which satisfy the aforementioned conditions and therefore posit the $f(P)$ theory of gravity to be a promising modified theory of gravitation.