We prove that any symplectic matrix can be factored into no more than 5 unit triangular symplectic matrices, moreover, 5 is the optimal number. This result improves the existing triangular factorization of symplectic matrices which gives proof of 9 blocks. We also show the corresponding improved conclusions for structured subsets of symplectic matrices.
In this work, we prove that any symplectic matrix can be factored into no more than 9 unit triangular symplectic matrices. This structure-preserving factorization of the symplectic matrices immediately reveals two well-known features that, (i) the determinant of any symplectic matrix is one, (ii) the matrix symplectic group is path connected, as well as a new feature that (iii) all the unit triangular symplectic matrices form a set of generators of the matrix symplectic group. Furthermore, this factorization yields effective methods for the unconstrained parametrization of the matrix symplectic group as well as its structured subsets. The unconstrained parametrization enables us to apply faster and more efficient unconstrained optimization algorithms to the problems with symplectic constraints under certain circumstances.
The main of this work is to use the unit lower triangular matrices for solving inverse eigenvalue problem of nonnegative matrices and present the easier method to solve this problem.
Let $H(q,p)$ be a Hamiltonian on $T^*T^n$. We show that the sequence $H_{k}(q,p)=H(kq,p)$ converges for the $gamma$ topology defined by the author, to $bar{H}(p)$. This is extended to the case where only some of the variables are homogenized, that is the sequence $H(kx,y,q,p)$ where the limit is of the type ${bar H}(y,q,p)$ and thus yields an effective Hamiltonian. We give here the proof of the convergence, and the first properties of the homogenization operator, and give some immediate consequences for solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi equations, construction of quasi-states, etc. We also prove that the function $bar H$ coincides with Mathers $alpha$ function which gives a new proof of its symplectic invariance proved by P. Bernard. A previous version of this paper relied on the former On the capacity of Lagrangians in $T^*T^n$ which has been withdrawn. The present version of Symplectic Homogenization does not rely on it anymore.
We say that a subset of a symplectic manifold is symplectically (neighbourhood) excisable if its complement is symplectomorphic to the ambient manifold, (through a symplectomorphism that can be chosen to be the identity outside an arbitrarily small neighbourhood of the subset). We use time-independent Hamiltonian flows, and their iterations, to show that certain properly embedded subsets of noncompact symplectic manifolds are symplectically neighbourhood excisable: a ray, a Cantor brush, a box with a tail, and -- more generally -- epigraphs of lower semi-continuous functions; as well as a ray with two horns, and -- more generally -- open-rooted finite trees.
We prove a gluing theorem for a symplectic vortex on a compact complex curve and a collection of holomorphic sphere bubbles. Using the theorem we show that the moduli space of regular stable symplectic vortices on a fixed curve with varying markings has the structure of a stratified-smooth topological orbifold. In addition, we show that the moduli space has a non-canonical $C^1$-orbifold structure.