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In this work, we prove that any symplectic matrix can be factored into no more than 9 unit triangular symplectic matrices. This structure-preserving factorization of the symplectic matrices immediately reveals two well-known features that, (i) the determinant of any symplectic matrix is one, (ii) the matrix symplectic group is path connected, as well as a new feature that (iii) all the unit triangular symplectic matrices form a set of generators of the matrix symplectic group. Furthermore, this factorization yields effective methods for the unconstrained parametrization of the matrix symplectic group as well as its structured subsets. The unconstrained parametrization enables us to apply faster and more efficient unconstrained optimization algorithms to the problems with symplectic constraints under certain circumstances.
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We prove that any symplectic matrix can be factored into no more than 5 unit triangular symplectic matrices, moreover, 5 is the optimal number. This result improves the existing triangular factorization of symplectic matrices which gives proof of 9 blocks. We also show the corresponding improved conclusions for structured subsets of symplectic matrices.
We generalize the hamiltonian topology on hamiltonian isotopies to an intrinsic symplectic topology on the space of symplectic isotopies. We use it to define the group $SSympeo(M,omega)$ of strong symplectic homeomorphisms, which generalizes the group $Hameo(M,omega)$ of hamiltonian homeomorphisms introduced by Oh and Muller. The group $SSympeo(M,omega)$ is arcwise connected, is contained in the identity component of $Sympeo(M,omega)$; it contains $Hameo(M,omega)$ as a normal subgroup and coincides with it when $M$ is simply connected. Finally its commutator subgroup $[SSympeo(M,omega),SSympeo(M,omega)]$ is contained in $Hameo(M,omega)$.
We prove that the Gromov width of coadjoint orbits of the symplectic group is at least equal to the upper bound known from the works of Zoghi and Caviedes. This establishes the actual Gromov width. Our work relies on a toric degeneration of a coadjoint orbit to a toric variety. The polytope associated to this toric variety is a string polytope arising from a string parametrization of elements of a crystal basis for a certain representation of the symplectic group.
Using a Hodge decomposition of symplectic isotopies on a compact symplectic manifold $(M,omega)$, we construct a norm on the identity component in the group of all symplectic diffeomorphisms of $(M,omega)$ whose restriction to the group $Ham(M,omega)$ of hamiltonian diffeomorphisms is bounded from above by the Hofer norm. Moreover, $Ham(M,omega)$ is closed in $Symp(M,omega)$ equipped with the topology induced by the extended norm. We give an application to the $C^0$ symplectic topology. We also discuss extensions of Ohs spectral distance.
For $(mathbb{C} P^2 # 5{overline {mathbb{C} P^2}},omega)$, let $N_{omega}$ be the number of $(-2)$-symplectic spherical homology classes.We completely determine the Torelli symplectic mapping class group (Torelli SMCG): the Torelli SMCG is trivial if $N_{omega}>8$; it is $pi_0(Diff^+(S^2,5))$ if $N_{omega}=0$ (by Paul Seidel and Jonathan Evans); it is $pi_0(Diff^+(S^2,4))$ in the remaining case. Further, we completely determine the rank of $pi_1(Symp(mathbb{C} P^2 # 5{overline {mathbb{C} P^2}}, omega)$ for any given symplectic form. Our results can be uniformly presented regarding Dynkin diagrams of type $mathbb{A}$ and type $mathbb{D}$ Lie algebras. We also provide a solution to the smooth isotopy problem of rational $4$-manifolds.
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