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Register a new userChordal graphs, higher independence and vertex decomposable complexes
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Given a simple undirected graph $G$ there is a simplicial complex $mathrm{Ind}(G)$, called the independence complex, whose faces correspond to the independent sets of $G$. This is a well studied concept because it provides a fertile ground for interactions between commutative algebra, graph theory and algebraic topology. One of the line of research pursued by many authors is to determine the graph classes for which the associated independence complex is Cohen-Macaulay. For example, it is known that when $G$ is a chordal graph the complex $mathrm{Ind}(G)$ is in fact vertex decomposable, the strongest condition in the Cohen-Macaulay ladder. In this article we consider a generalization of independence complex. Given $rgeq 1$, a subset of the vertex set is called $r$-independent if the connected components of the induced subgraph have cardinality at most $r$. The collection of all $r$-independent subsets of $G$ form a simplicial complex called the $r$-independence complex and is denoted by $mathrm{Ind}_r(G)$. It is known that when $G$ is a chordal graph the complex $mathrm{Ind}_r(G)$ has the homotopy type of a wedge of spheres. Hence it is natural to ask which of these complexes are shellable or even vertex decomposable. We prove, using Woodroofes chordal hypergraph notion, that these complexes are always shellable when the underlying chordal graph is a tree. Further, using the notion of vertex splittable ideals we show that for caterpillar graphs the associated $r$-independence complex is vertex decomposable for all values of $r$. We also construct chordal graphs on $2r+2$ vertices such that their $r$-independence complexes are not sequentially Cohen-Macaulay for any $r ge 2$.
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We say that a pure $d$-dimensional simplicial complex $Delta$ on $n$ vertices is shelling completable if $Delta$ can be realized as the initial sequence of some shelling of $Delta_{n-1}^{(d)}$, the $d$-skeleton of the $(n-1)$-dimensional simplex. A well-known conjecture of Simon posits that any shellable complex is shelling completable. In this note we prove that vertex decomposable complexes are shelling completable. In fact we show that if $Delta$ is a vertex decomposable complex then there exists an ordering of its ground set $V$ such that adding the revlex smallest missing $(d+1)$-subset of $V$ results in a complex that is again vertex decomposable. We explore applications to matroids, shifted complexes, as well as $k$-vertex decomposable complexes. We also show that if $Delta$ is a $d$-dimensional complex on at most $d+3$ vertices then the notions of shellable, vertex decomposable, shelling completable, and extendably shellable are all equivalent.
Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph. If $G$ is a Konig graph or $G$ is a graph without 3-cycles and 5-cycle, we prove that the following conditions are equivalent: $Delta_{G}$ is pure shellable, $R/I_{Delta}$ is Cohen-Macaulay, $G$ is unmixed vertex decomposable graph and $G$ is well-covered with a perfect matching of Konig type $e_{1},...,e_{g}$ without square with two $e_i$s. We characterize well-covered graphs without 3-cycles, 5-cycles and 7-cycles. Also, we study when graphs without 3-cycles and 5-cycles are vertex decomposable or shellable. Furthermore, we give some properties and relations between critical, extendables and shedding vertices. Finally, we characterize unicyclic graphs with each one of the following properties: unmixed, vertex decomposable, shellable and Cohen-Macaulay.
Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph and $n$ a positive integer. Let $I_n(G)$ be the abstract simplicial complex whose simplices are the subsets of $V$ that do not contain an independent set of size $n$ in $G$. We study the collapsibility numbers of the complexes $I_n(G)$ for various classes of graphs, focusing on the class of graphs with maximum degree bounded by $Delta$. As an application, we obtain the following result: Let $G$ be a claw-free graph with maximum degree at most $Delta$. Then, every collection of $leftlfloorleft(frac{Delta}{2}+1right)(n-1)rightrfloor+1$ independent sets in $G$ has a rainbow independent set of size $n$.
A graph $G$ is said to be chordal if it has no induced cycles of length four or more. In a recent preprint Culbertson, Guralnik, and Stiller give a new characterization of chordal graphs in terms of sequences of what they call `edge-erasures. We show that these moves are in fact equivalent to a linear quotient ordering on $I_{overline{G}}$, the edge ideal of the complement graph. Known results imply that $I_{overline G}$ has linear quotients if and only if $G$ is chordal, and hence this recovers an algebraic proof of their characterization. We investigate higher-dimensional analogues of this result, and show that in fact linear quotients for more general circuit ideals of $d$-clutters can be characterized in terms of removing exposed circuits in the complement clutter. Restricting to properly exposed circuits can be characterized by a homological condition. This leads to a notion of higher dimensional chordal clutters which borrows from commutative algebra and simple homotopy theory. The interpretation of linear quotients in terms of shellability of simplicial complexes also has applications to a conjecture of Simon regarding the extendable shellability of $k$-skeleta of simplices. Other connections to combinatorial commutative algebra, chordal complexes, and hierarchical clustering algorithms are explored.
Suppose that D is an acyclic orientation of a graph G. An arc of D is called dependent if its reversal creates a directed cycle. Let m and M denote the minimum and the maximum of the number of dependent arcs over all acyclic orientations of G. We call G fully orientable if G has an acyclic orientation with exactly d dependent arcs for every d satisfying m <= d <= M. A graph G is called chordal if every cycle in G of length at least four has a chord. We show that all chordal graphs are fully orientable.
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