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Register a new userModelling and design of lanthanide ion doped chalcogenide fiber lasers: progress towards the practical realization of the first MIR chalcogenide fiber laser
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S Sujecki
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This paper presents the progress in the fields of the modelling and design of lanthanide ion doped chalcogenide glass fiber lasers. It presents the laser cavity designs that have been developed in order to optimize the performance of lanthanide ion doped chalcogenide glass fiber lasers. Also various numerical algorithms that have been applied for the optimization of chalcogenide glass lasers are reviewed and compared. The comparison shows that a combination of less accurate but more robust algorithms with more accurate ones gives the most promising performance.
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In this paper, we report the design and fabrication of a highly birefringent polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) made from chalcogenide glass, and its application to linearly-polarized supercontinuum (SC) generation in the mid-infrared region. The PM fiber was drawn using the casting method from As38Se62 glass which features a transmission window from 2 to 10 $mu m$ and a high nonlinear index of 1.13.10$^{-17}$m$^{2}$W$^{-1}$. It has a zero-dispersion wavelength around 4.5 $mu m$ and, at this wavelength, a large birefringence of 6.10$^{-4}$ and consequently strong polarization maintaining properties are expected. Using this fiber, we experimentally demonstrate supercontinuum generation spanning from 3.1-6.02 $mu m$ and 3.33-5.78 $mu m$ using femtosecond pumping at 4 $mu m$ and 4.53 $mu m$, respectively. We further investigate the supercontinuum bandwidth versus the input pump polarization angle and we show very good agreement with numerical simulations of the two-polarization model based on two coupled generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equations.
We perform a numerical analysis of mid-infrared photoluminescence emitted by praseodymium (III) doped chalcogenide selenide glass pumped at near-infrared wavelengths. The results obtained show that an effective inversion of level populations can be achieved using both 1480 nm and 1595 nm laser diodes. The rate of the spontaneous emission achieved when pumping at 1480 nm and 1595 nm is comparable to this achieved using the standard pumping wavelength of 2040 nm.
We demonstrate the generation of a low-noise, octave-spanning mid-infrared supercontinuum from 1700 to 4800 nm by injecting femtosecond pulses into the normal dispersion regime of a multimode step-index chalcogenide fiber with 100 $mu$m core diameter. We conduct a systematic study of the intensity noise across the supercontinuum spectrum and show that the initial fluctuations of the pump laser are at most amplified by a factor of three. We also perform a comparison with the noise characteristics of an octave-spanning supercontinuum generated in the anomalous dispersion regime of a multimode fluoride fiber with similar core size and show that the all-normal dispersion supercontinuum in the multimode chalcogenide fiber has superior noise characteristics. Our results open up novel perspective for many practical applications such as long-distance remote sensing where high power and low noise are paramount.
Generally speaking, the self-sweeping effect relies on the dynamical grating formed in a gain fiber. Here, the normal self-sweeping was generated in a pump-free ytterbium-doped fiber which serves as a fiber saturable absorber and is introduced to the laser cavity by a circulator in this experiment. The sweeping rate and the sweeping range alter as usual, both of which can be controlled by the pump power. Further, a new self-pulse signal is observed and discussed in this work, which shows the difference of the self-sweeping effects between active fiber and fiber saturable absorber.
Solitons, as stable localized wave packets that can propagate long distance in dispersive media without changing their shapes, are ubiquitous in nonlinear physical systems. Since the first experimental realization of optical bright solitons in the anomalous dispersion single mode fibers (SMF) by Mollenauer et al. in 1980 and optical dark solitons in the normal dispersion SMFs by P. Emplit et al. in 1987, optical solitons in SMFs had been extensively investigated. In reality a SMF always supports two orthogonal polarization modes. Taking fiber birefringence into account, it was later theoretically predicted that various types of vector solitons, including the bright-bright vector solitons, dark-dark vector solitons and dark-bright vector solitons, could be formed in SMFs. However, except the bright-bright type of vector solitons, other types of vector solitons are so far lack of clear experimental evidence. Optical solitons have been observed not only in the SMFs but also in mode locked fiber lasers. It has been shown that the passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber lasers offer a promising experimental platform for studying the scalar optical solitons. Vector solitons can also be formed in mode locked fiber lasers. In this dissertation, the author presents results of a series of theoretical and experimental investigations on the vector solitons in fiber lasers.
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