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Register a new userResource Management for 5G NR Integrated Access and Backhaul: a Semi-centralized Approach
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Added by
Michele Polese
Publication date
2021
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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The next generations of mobile networks will be deployed as ultra-dense networks, to match the demand for increased capacity and the challenges that communications in the higher portion of the spectrum (i.e., the mmWave band) introduce. Ultra-dense networks, however, require pervasive, high-capacity backhaul solutions, and deploying fiber optic to all base stations is generally considered to be too expensive for network operators. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has thus introduced Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB), a wireless backhaul solution in which the access and backhaul links share the same hardware, protocol stack, and also spectrum. The multiplexing of different links in the same frequency bands, however, introduces interference and capacity sharing issues, thus calling for the introduction of advanced scheduling and coordination schemes. This paper proposes a semi-centralized resource allocation scheme for IAB networks, designed to be flexible, with low complexity, and compliant with the 3GPP IAB specifications. We develop a version of the Maximum Weighted Matching (MWM) problem that can be applied on a spanning tree that represents the IAB network and whose complexity is linear in the number of IAB-nodes. The proposed solution is compared with state-of-the-art distributed approaches through end-to-end, full-stack system-level simulations with a 3GPP-compliant channel model, protocol stack, and a diverse set of user applications. The results show how that our scheme can increase the throughput of cell-edge users up to 5 times, while decreasing the overall network congestion with an end-to-end delay reduction of up to 25 times.
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Security is a primary concern for the networks aiming at the utilization of Cellular (C) services for connecting Vehicles to Everything (V2X). At present, C-V2X is observing a paradigm shift from Long Term Evolution (LTE) - Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) to Fifth Generation (5G) based functional architecture. However, security and credential management are still concerns to be resolved under 5G-V2X. A sizably voluminous number of key updates and non-availability of sub-functions at the edge cause adscititious overheads and decrement the performance while alarming the possibilities of variants of cyber attacks. In this paper, security management is studied as a principle of sustainability and its tradeoff is evaluated with the number of key-updates required to maintain an authenticated connection of a vehicle to the 5G-terminals keeping intact the security functions at the backhaul. A numerical study is presented to determine the claims and understand the proposed tradeoff.
The ever-increasing demand for intelligent, automated, and connected mobility solutions pushes for the development of an innovative sixth Generation (6G) of cellular networks. A radical transformation on the physical layer of vehicular communications is planned, with a paradigm shift towards beam-based millimeter Waves or sub-Terahertz communications, which require precise beam pointing for guaranteeing the communication link, especially in high mobility. A key design aspect is a fast and proactive Initial Access (IA) algorithm to select the optimal beam to be used. In this work, we investigate alternative IA techniques to fasten the current fifth-generation (5G) standard, targeting an efficient 6G design. First, we discuss cooperative position-based schemes that rely on the position information. Then, motivated by the intuition of a non-uniform distribution of the communication directions due to road topology constraints, we design two Probabilistic Codebook (PCB) techniques of prioritized beams. In the first one, the PCBs are built leveraging past collected traffic information, while in the second one, we use the Hough Transform over the digital map to extract dominant road directions. We also show that the information coming from the angular probability distribution allows designing non-uniform codebook quantization, reducing the degradation of the performances compared to uniform one. Numerical simulation on realistic scenarios shows that PCBs-based beam selection outperforms the 5G standard in terms of the number of IA trials, with a performance comparable to position-based methods, without requiring the signaling of sensitive information.
We introduce the concept of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as drone base stations for in-band Integrated Access and Backhaul (IB-IAB) scenarios for 5G networks. We first present a system model for forward link transmissions in an IB-IAB multi-tier drone cellular network. We then investigate the key challenges of this scenario and propose a framework that utilizes the flying capabilities of the UAVs as the main degree of freedom to find the optimal precoder design for the backhaul links, user-base station association, UAV 3D hovering locations, and power allocations. We discuss how the proposed algorithm can be utilized to optimize the network performance in both large and small scales. Finally, we use an exhaustive search-based solution to demonstrate the performance gains that can be achieved from the presented algorithm in terms of the received signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and overall network sum-rate.
Cellular (C) setups facilitate the connectivity amongst the devices with better provisioning of services to its users. Vehicular networks are one of the representative setups that aim at expanding their functionalities by using the available cellular systems like Long Term Evolution (LTE)-based Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) as well as the upcoming Fifth Generation (5G)-based functional architecture. The vehicular networks include Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle to Pedestrian (V2P) and Vehicle to Network (V2N), all of which are referred to as Vehicle to Everything (V2X). 5G has dominated the vehicular network and most of the upcoming research is motivated towards the fully functional utilization of 5G-V2X. Despite that, credential management and edge-initiated security are yet to be resolved under 5G-V2X. To further understand the issue, this paper presents security management as a principle of sustainability and key-management. The performance tradeoff is evaluated with the key-updates required to maintain a secure connection between the vehicles and the 5G-terminals. The proposed approach aims at the utilization of high-speed mmWave-based backhaul for enhancing the security operations between the core and the sub-divided functions at the edge of the network through a dual security management framework. The evaluations are conducted using numerical simulations, which help to understand the impact on the sustainability of connections as well as identification of the fail-safe points for secure and fast operations. Furthermore, the evaluations help to follow the multiple tradeoffs of security and performance based on the metrics like mandatory key updates, the range of operations and the probability of connectivity.
An integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network architecture can enable flexible and fast deployment of next-generation cellular networks. However, mutual interference between access and backhaul links, small inter-site distance and spatial dynamics of user distribution pose major challenges in the practical deployment of IAB networks. To tackle these problems, we leverage the flying capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as hovering IAB-nodes and propose an interference management algorithm to maximize the overall sum rate of the IAB network. In particular, we jointly optimize the user and base station associations, the downlink power allocations for access and backhaul transmissions, and the spatial configurations of UAVs. We consider two spatial configuration modes of UAVs: distributed UAVs and drone antenna array (DAA), and show how they are intertwined with the spatial distribution of ground users. Our numerical results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an average of $2.9times$ and $6.7times$ gains in the received downlink signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and overall network sum rate, respectively. Finally, the numerical results reveal that UAVs cannot only be used for coverage improvement but also for capacity boosting in IAB cellular networks.
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