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Register a new userReconstructing Perceptive Images from Brain Activity by Shape-Semantic GAN
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Added by
Tao Fang
Publication date
2021
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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Reconstructing seeing images from fMRI recordings is an absorbing research area in neuroscience and provides a potential brain-reading technology. The challenge lies in that visual encoding in brain is highly complex and not fully revealed. Inspired by the theory that visual features are hierarchically represented in cortex, we propose to break the complex visual signals into multi-level components and decode each component separately. Specifically, we decode shape and semantic representations from the lower and higher visual cortex respectively, and merge the shape and semantic information to images by a generative adversarial network (Shape-Semantic GAN). This divide and conquer strategy captures visual information more accurately. Experiments demonstrate that Shape-Semantic GAN improves the reconstruction similarity and image quality, and achieves the state-of-the-art image reconstruction performance.
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Reconstructing multiple molecularly defined neurons from individual brains and across multiple brain regions can reveal organizational principles of the nervous system. However, high resolution imaging of the whole brain is a technically challenging and slow process. Recently, oblique light sheet microscopy has emerged as a rapid imaging method that can provide whole brain fluorescence microscopy at a voxel size of 0.4 by 0.4 by 2.5 cubic microns. On the other hand, complex image artifacts due to whole-brain coverage produce apparent discontinuities in neuronal arbors. Here, we present connectivity-preserving methods and data augmentation strategies for supervised learning of neuroanatomy from light microscopy using neural networks. We quantify the merit of our approach by implementing an end-to-end automated tracing pipeline. Lastly, we demonstrate a scalable, distributed implementation that can reconstruct the large datasets that sub-micron whole-brain images produce.
Among the most impressive recent applications of neural decoding is the visual representation decoding, where the category of an object that a subject either sees or imagines is inferred by observing his/her brain activity. Even though there is an increasing interest in the aforementioned visual representation decoding task, there is no extensive study of the effect of using different machine learning models on the decoding accuracy. In this paper we provide an extensive evaluation of several machine learning models, along with different similarity metrics, for the aforementioned task, drawing many interesting conclusions. That way, this paper a) paves the way for developing more advanced and accurate methods and b) provides an extensive and easily reproducible baseline for the aforementioned decoding task.
Neural circuits can be reconstructed from brain images acquired by serial section electron microscopy. Image analysis has been performed by manual labor for half a century, and efforts at automation date back almost as far. Convolutional nets were first applied to neuronal boundary detection a dozen years ago, and have now achieved impressive accuracy on clean images. Robust handling of image defects is a major outstanding challenge. Convolutional nets are also being employed for other tasks in neural circuit reconstruction: finding synapses and identifying synaptic partners, extending or pruning neuronal reconstructions, and aligning serial section images to create a 3D image stack. Computational systems are being engineered to handle petavoxel images of cubic millimeter brain volumes.
Reconstructing object geometry and material from multiple views typically requires optimization. Differentiable path tracing is an appealing framework as it can reproduce complex appearance effects. However, it is difficult to use due to high computational cost. In this paper, we explore how to use differentiable ray tracing to refine an initial coarse mesh and per-mesh-facet material representation. In simulation, we find that it is possible to reconstruct fine geometric and material detail from low resolution input views, allowing high-quality reconstructions in a few hours despite the expense of path tracing. The reconstructions successfully disambiguate shading, shadow, and global illumination effects such as diffuse interreflection from material properties. We demonstrate the impact of different geometry initializations, including space carving, multi-view stereo, and 3D neural networks. Finally, with input captured using smartphone video and a consumer 360? camera for lighting estimation, we also show how to refine initial reconstructions of real-world objects in unconstrained environments.
In this paper, we propose LGG, a neurologically inspired graph neural network, to learn local-global-graph representations from Electroencephalography (EEG) for a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). A temporal convolutional layer with multi-scale 1D convolutional kernels and kernel-level attention fusion is proposed to learn the temporal dynamics of EEG. Inspired by neurological knowledge of cognitive processes in the brain, we propose local and global graph-filtering layers to learn the brain activities within and between different functional areas of the brain to model the complex relations among them during the cognitive processes. Under the robust nested cross-validation settings, the proposed method is evaluated on the publicly available dataset DEAP, and the classification performance is compared with state-of-the-art methods, such as FBFgMDM, FBTSC, Unsupervised learning, DeepConvNet, ShallowConvNet, EEGNet, and TSception. The results show that the proposed method outperforms all these state-of-the-art methods, and the improvements are statistically significant (p<0.05) in most cases. The source code can be found at: https://github.com/yi-ding-cs/LGG
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