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Register a new userGiant inverse Faraday effect in Dirac semimetals
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We have studied helicity dependent photocurrent (HDP) in Bi-based Dirac semimetal thin films. HDP increases with film thickness before it saturates, changes its sign when the majority carrier type is changed from electrons to holes and takes a sharp peak when the Fermi level lies near the charge neutrality point. These results suggest that irradiation of circularly polarized light to Dirac semimetals induces an effective magnetic field that aligns the carrier spin along the light spin angular momentum and generates a spin current along the film normal. The effective magnetic field is estimated to be orders of magnitude larger than that caused by the inverse Faraday effect (IFE) in typical transition metals. We consider the small effective mass and the large $g$-factor, characteristics of Dirac semimetals with strong spin orbit coupling, are responsible for the giant IFE, opening pathways to develop systems with strong light-spin coupling.
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The inverse Faraday effect (IFE), where a static magnetization is induced by circularly polarized light, offers a promising route to ultrafast control of spin states. Here we study the inverse Faraday effect in Mott insulators using the Floquet theory. In the Mott insulators with inversion symmetry, we find that the effective magnetic field induced by the IFE couples ferromagnetically to the neighboring spins. While for the Mott insulators without inversion symmetry, the effective magnetic field due to IFE couples antiferromagnetically to the neighboring spins. We apply the theory to the spin-orbit coupled single- and multi-orbital Hubbard model that is relevant for the Kitaev quantum spin liquid materials and demonstrate that the magnetic interactions can be tuned by light.
A circularly polarized light can induce a dissipationless dc current in a quantum nanoring which is responsible for a resonant helicity-driven contribution to magnetic moment. This current is not suppressed by thermal averaging despite its quantum nature. We refer to this phenomenon as the quantum resonant inverse Faraday effect. For weak electromagnetic field, when the characteristic coupling energy is small compared to the energy level spacing, we predict narrow resonances in the circulating current and, consequently, in the magnetic moment of the ring. For strong fields, the resonances merge into a wide peak with a width determined by the spectral curvature. We further demonstrate that weak short-range disorder splits the resonances and induces additional particularly sharp and high resonant peaks in dc current and magnetization. In contrast, long-range disorder leads to a chaotic behavior of the system in the vicinity of the separatrix that divides the phase space of the system into regions with dynamically localized and delocalized states.
We propose a mechanism to generate a static magnetization via {em axial magnetoelectric effect} (AMEE). Magnetization ${bf M} sim {bf E}_5(omega)times {bf E}_5^{*}(omega)$ appears as a result of the transfer of the angular momentum of the axial electric field ${bf E}_5(t)$ into the magnetic moment in Dirac and Weyl semimetals. We point out similarities and differences between the proposed AMEE and a conventional inverse Faraday effect (IFE). As an example, we estimated the AMEE generated by circularly polarized acoustic waves and find it to be on the scale of microgauss for gigahertz frequency sound. In contrast to a conventional IFE, magnetization rises linearly at small frequencies and fixed sound intensity as well as demonstrates a nonmonotonic peak behavior for the AMEE. The effect provides a way to investigate unusual axial electromagnetic fields via conventional magnetometry techniques.
In this article we study 3D non-Hermitian higher-order Dirac semimetals (NHHODSMs). Our focus is on $C_4$-symmetric non-Hermitian systems where we investigate inversion ($mathcal{I}$) or time-reversal ($mathcal{T}$) symmetric models of NHHODSMs having real bulk spectra. We show that they exhibit the striking property that the bulk and surfaces are anti-PT and PT symmetric, respectively, and so belong to two different topological classes realizing a novel non-Hermitian topological phase which we call a emph{hybrid-PT topological phases}. Interestingly, while the bulk spectrum is still fully real, we find that exceptional Fermi-rings (EFRs) appear connecting the two Dirac nodes on the surface. This provides a route to probe and utilize both the bulk Dirac physics and exceptional rings/points on equal footing. Moreover, particularly for $mathcal{T}$-NHHODSMs, we also find real hinge-arcs connecting the surface EFRs. We show that this higher-order topology can be characterized using a biorthogonal real-space formula of the quadrupole moment. Furthermore, by applying Hermitian $C_4$-symmetric perturbations, we discover various novel phases, particularly: (i) an intrinsic $mathcal{I}$-NHHODSM having hinge arcs and gapped surfaces, and (ii) a novel $mathcal{T}$-symmetric skin-topological HODSM which possesses both topological and skin hinge modes. The interplay between non-Hermition and higher-order topology in this work paves the way toward uncovering rich phenomena and hybrid functionality that can be readily realized in experiment.
Recently Weyl fermions have attracted increasing interest in condensed matter physics due to their rich phenomenology originated from their nontrivial monopole charges. Here we present a theory of real Dirac points that can be understood as real monopoles in momentum space, serving as a real generalization of Weyl fermions with the reality being endowed by the $PT$ symmetry. The real counterparts of topological features of Weyl semimetals, such as Nielsen-Ninomiya no-go theorem, $2$D sub topological insulators and Fermi arcs, are studied in the $PT$ symmetric Dirac semimetals, and the underlying reality-dependent topological structures are discussed. In particular, we construct a minimal model of the real Dirac semimetals based on recently proposed cold atom experiments and quantum materials about $PT$ symmetric Dirac nodal line semimetals.
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