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Register a new userOn the Latency, Rate and Reliability Tradeoff in Wireless Networked Control Systems for IIoT
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Added by
Wanchun Liu
Publication date
2020
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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Wireless networked control systems (WNCSs) provide a key enabling technique for Industry Internet of Things (IIoT). However, in the literature of WNCSs, most of the research focuses on the control perspective, and has considered oversimplified models of wireless communications which do not capture the key parameters of a practical wireless communication system, such as latency, data rate and reliability. In this paper, we focus on a WNCS, where a controller transmits quantized and encoded control codewords to a remote actuator through a wireless channel, and adopt a detailed model of the wireless communication system, which jointly considers the inter-related communication parameters. We derive the stability region of the WNCS. If and only if the tuple of the communication parameters lies in the region, the average cost function, i.e., a performance metric of the WNCS, is bounded. We further obtain a necessary and sufficient condition under which the stability region is $n$-bounded, where $n$ is the control codeword blocklength. We also analyze the average cost function of the WNCS. Such analysis is non-trivial because the finite-bit control-signal quantizer introduces a non-linear and discontinuous quantization function which makes the performance analysis very difficult. We derive tight upper and lower bounds on the average cost function in terms of latency, data rate and reliability. Our analytical results provide important insights into the design of the optimal parameters to minimize the average cost within the stability region.
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This paper considers a wireless networked control system (WNCS) consisting of a dynamic system to be controlled (i.e., a plant), a sensor, an actuator and a remote controller for mission-critical Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications. A WNCS has two types of wireless transmissions, i.e., the sensors measurement transmission to the controller and the controllers command transmission to the actuator. In this work, we consider a practical half-duplex controller, which introduces a novel transmission-scheduling problem for WNCSs. A frequent scheduling of sensors transmission results in a better estimation of plant states at the controller and thus a higher quality of control command, but it leads to a less frequent/timely control of the plant. Therefore, considering the overall control performance of the plant in terms of its average cost function, there exists a fundamental tradeoff between the sensors and the controllers transmissions. We formulate a new problem to optimize the transmission-scheduling policy for minimizing the long-term average cost function. We derive the necessary and sufficient condition of the existence of a stationary and deterministic optimal policy that results in a bounded average cost in terms of the transmission reliabilities of the sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator channels. Also, we derive an easy-to-compute suboptimal policy, which notably reduces the average cost of the plant compared to a naive alternative-scheduling policy.
In this paper, we consider a networked control system (NCS) in which an dynamic plant system is connected to a controller via a temporally correlated wireless fading channel. We focus on communication power design at the sensor to minimize a weighted average state estimation error at the remote controller subject to an average transmit power constraint of the sensor. The power control optimization problem is formulated as an infinite horizon average cost Markov decision process (MDP). We propose a novel continuous-time perturbation approach and derive an asymptotically optimal closed-form value function for the MDP. Under this approximation, we propose a low complexity dynamic power control solution which has an event- driven control structure. We also establish technical conditions for asymptotic optimality, and sufficient conditions for NCS stability under the proposed scheme.
Wireless sensors and actuators offer benefits to large industrial control systems. The absence of wires for communication reduces the deployment cost, maintenance effort, and provides greater flexibility for sensor and actuator location and system architecture. These benefits come at a cost of a high probability of communication delay or message loss due to the unreliability of radio-based communication. This unreliability poses a challenge to contemporary control systems that are designed with the assumption of instantaneous and reliable communication. Wireless sensors and actuators create a paradigm shift in engineering energy-efficient control schemes coupled with robust communication schemes that can maintain system stability in the face of unreliable communication. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the low-power wide-area communication protocol LoRaWAN with an event-triggered control scheme through modelling in Matlab. We show that LoRaWAN is capable of meeting the maximum delay and message loss requirements of an event-triggered controller for certain classes of applications. We also expose the limitation in the use of LoRaWAN when message size or communication range requirements increase or the underlying physical system is exposed to significant external disturbances.
As an emerging metric of communication systems, Age of Information (AoI) has been derived to have a critical impact in networked control systems with unreliable information links. This work sets up a novel model of outage probability in a loosely constrained control system as a function of the feedback AoI, and conducts numerical simulations to validate the model.
The paper considers a wireless networked control system (WNCS), where a controller sends packets carrying control information to an actuator through a wireless channel to control a physical process for industrial-control applications. In most of the existing work on WNCSs, the packet length for transmission is fixed. However, from the channel-encoding theory, if a message is encoded into a longer codeword, its reliability is improved at the expense of longer delay. Both delay and reliability have great impact on the control performance. Such a fundamental delay-reliability tradeoff has rarely been considered in WNCSs. In this paper, we propose a novel WNCS, where the controller adaptively changes the packet length for control based on the current status of the physical process. We formulate a decision-making problem and find the optimal variable-length packet-transmission policy for minimizing the long-term average cost of the WNCSs. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition on the existence of the optimal policy in terms of the transmission reliabilities with different packet lengths and the control system parameter.
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