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Register a new userSpeedyChain: A framework for decoupling data from blockchain for smart cities
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Added by
Regio Michelin
Publication date
2018
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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There is increased interest in smart vehicles acting as both data consumers and producers in smart cities. Vehicles can use smart city data for decision-making, such as dynamic routing based on traffic conditions. Moreover, the multitude of embedded sensors in vehicles can collectively produce a rich data set of the urban landscape that can be used to provide a range of services. Key to the success of this vision is a scalable and private architecture for trusted data sharing. This paper proposes a framework called SpeedyChain, that leverages blockchain technology to allow smart vehicles to share their data while maintaining privacy, integrity, resilience and non-repudiation in a decentralized, and tamper-resistant manner. Differently from traditional blockchain usage (e.g., Bitcoin and Ethereum), the proposed framework uses a blockchain design that decouples the data stored in the transactions from the block header, thus allowing for fast addition of data to the blocks. Furthermore, an expiration time for each block to avoid large sized blocks is proposed. This paper also presents an evaluation of the proposed framework in a network emulator to demonstrate its benefits.
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Insurance is one of the fundamental services offered to the citizens to reduce their costs and assist them in case of an emergency. One of the most important challenges in the insurance industry is to address liability challenge and the forging of documents by the involved parties, i.e., insurance company or the users, in order to increase financial gain. Conventional methods to address this challenge is significantly time consuming and costly and also suffers from lock of transparency. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based solution for the insurance industry in smart cities (BIS). BIS creates a big umbrella that consists of the smart city managers, insurance companies, users, and sensors and devices. The users are known by changeable Public Keys (PKs) that introduces a level of anonymity. The data collected by the sensors is stored in cloud or local storage and is shared with insurance company on demand to find the liable party that in turn increases the privacy of the users. BIS enables the users to prove and share the history of their insurances with other users or insurances. Using Proof of Concept (POC) implementation we demonstrated the applicability of blockchain in insurance industry. The implementation results prove that BIS significantly reduces delay involved in insurance industry as compared with conventional insurance methods.
In the given technology-driven era, smart cities are the next frontier of technology, aiming at improving the quality of peoples lives. Many research works focus on future smart cities with a holistic approach towards smart city development. In this paper, we introduce such future smart cities that leverage blockchain technology in areas like data security, energy and waste management, governance, transport, supply chain, including emergency events, and environmental monitoring. Blockchain, being a decentralized immutable ledger, has the potential to promote the development of smart cities by guaranteeing transparency, data security, interoperability, and privacy. Particularly, using blockchain in emergency events will provide interoperability between many parties involved in the response, will increase timeliness of services, and establish transparency. In that case, if a current fee-based or first-come-first-serve-based processing is used, emergency events may get delayed in being processed due to competition, and thus, threatening peoples lives. Thus, there is a need for transaction prioritization based on the priority of information and quick creation of blocks (variable interval block creation mechanism). Also, since the leaders ensure transaction prioritization while generating blocks, leader rotation and proper election procedure become important for the transaction prioritization process to take place honestly and efficiently. In our consensus protocol, we deploy a machine learning (ML) algorithm to achieve efficient leader election and design a novel dynamic block creation algorithm. Also, to ensure honest assessment from the followers on the blocks generated by the leaders, a peer-prediction-based verification mechanism is proposed. Both security analysis and simulation experiments are carried out to demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of our proposed scheme.
The healthcare industry has witnessed significant transformations in e-health services where Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are transferred to mobile edge clouds to facilitate healthcare. Many edge cloud-based system designs have been proposed, but some technical challenges still remain, such as low quality of services (QoS), data privacy and system security due to centralized healthcare architectures. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid approach of data offloading and data sharing for healthcare using edge cloud and blockchain. First, an efficient data offloading scheme is proposed where IoT health data can be offloaded to nearby edge servers for data processing with privacy awareness. Then, a data sharing scheme is integrated to enable data exchange among healthcare users via blockchain. Particularly, a trustworthy access control mechanism is developed using smart contracts for access authentication to achieve secure EHRs sharing. Implementation results from extensive real-world experiments show the superior advantages of the proposal over the existing schemes in terms of improved QoS, enhanced data privacy and security, and low smart contract costs.
The explosion of advancements in artificial intelligence, sensor technologies, and wireless communication activates ubiquitous sensing through distributed sensors. These sensors are various domains of networks that lead us to smart systems in healthcare, transportation, environment, and other relevant branches/networks. Having collaborative interaction among the smart systems connects end-user devices to each other which enables achieving a new integrated entity called Smart Cities. The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive survey of data analytics in smart cities. In this paper, we aim to focus on one of the smart cities important branches, namely Smart Mobility, and its positive ample impact on the smart cities decision-making process. Intelligent decision-making systems in smart mobility offer many advantages such as saving energy, relaying city traffic, and more importantly, reducing air pollution by offering real-time useful information and imperative knowledge. Making a decision in smart cities in time is challenging due to various and high dimensional factors and parameters, which are not frequently collected. In this paper, we first address current challenges in smart cities and provide an overview of potential solutions to these challenges. Then, we offer a framework of these solutions, called universal smart cities decision making, with three main sections of data capturing, data analysis, and decision making to optimize the smart mobility within smart cities. With this framework, we elaborate on fundamental concepts of big data, machine learning, and deep leaning algorithms that have been applied to smart cities and discuss the role of these algorithms in decision making for smart mobility in smart cities.
Owing to some special characteristics and features, blockchain is a very useful technique that can securely organize diverse devices in a smart city. It finds wide applications, especially in distributed environments, where entities such as wireless sensors need to be certain of the authenticity of the server. As contemporary blockchain techniques that address post-quantum concerns have not been designed, in this study, we investigate a blockchain in the post-quantum setting and seek to discover how it can resist attacks from quantum computing. In addition, traditional proof of work (PoW)-based consensus protocols such as Bitcoin cannot supply memory mining, and the transaction capacity of each block in a blockchain is limited and needs to be expanded. Thus, a new post-quantum proof of work (post-quantum PoW) consensus algorithm for security and privacy of smart city applications is proposed. It can be used to not only protect a blockchain under a quantum computing attack compared to existing classical hash-based PoW algorithms but also to supply memory mining. Meanwhile, an identity-based post-quantum signature is embedded into a transaction process to construct lightweight transactions. Subsequently, we provide a detailed description on the execution of the post-quantum lightweight transaction in a blockchain. Overall, this work can help enrich the research on future post-quantum blockchain and support the construction or architecture of emerging blockchain-based smart cities.
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