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Register a new userAdditional Bending of Light in Suns Vicinity by its Interior Index of Refraction
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In the seventies, scientists observed discrepancies of the bending of light around the Sun based on Einsteins prediction of the curvature of star light due to the mass of the Sun. We claim that the interior electromagnetic properties of the Sun influence the curvature of the light path outside the Sun as well. In this paper, we investigate the additional deflection of light in the vacuum region surrounding the Sun by its electromagnetic parameters. Starting with Maxwells equations, we show how the deflection of light passing the Sun depends on the electric permittivity and the magnetic permeability of the interior of the Sun. The electromagnetic field equations in Cartesian coordinates are transformed to the ones in an appropriately chosen Riemannian space. This coordinate transform is dictated by the introduction of a refractional potential. The geodetic lines with the shortest propagation time are constructed from this potential. As far as the deflection of light propagating along these geodetic lines is concerned, we show that the existence of a refractional potential influences the light path outside any object with a typical refractive index. Our results add new aspects to the bending of star light explained by general relativity. Some astrophysical observations, which cannot be explained by gravity in a satisfactory manner, are justified by the electromagnetic model. In particular, the frequency dependency of the light deflection is discussed. We show that the additional bending due to the refractive index is proportional to the third power of the inverse distance. The general relativity predicts that the bending due to the mass is proportional to the inverse distance.
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A physical process of the gravitational redshift was described in an earlier paper (Wilhelm & Dwivedi 2014) that did not require any information for the emitting atom neither on the local gravitational potential U nor on the speed of light c. Although it could be shown that the correct energy shift of the emitted photon resulted from energy and momentum conservation principles and the speed of light at the emission site, it was not obvious how this speed is controlled by the gravitational potential. The aim of this paper is to describe a physical process that can accomplish this control. We determine the local speed of light c by deducing a gravitational index of refraction nG as a function of the potential U assuming a specific aether model, in which photons propagate as solitons. Even though an atom cannot locally sense the gravitational potential U (cf. Muller et al. 2010), the gravitational redshift will nevertheless be determined by U (cf. Wolf et al. 2010)- mediated by the local speed of light c.
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In this work we examine refraction of light by computing full solutions to axion electrodynamics. We also allow for the possibility of an additional plasma component. We then specialise to wavelengths which are small compared to background scales to determine if refraction can be described by geometric optics. We also allow for the possibility of an additional plasma component. In the absence of plasma, for small incidence angles relative to the optical axis, axion electrodynamics and geometric optics are in good agreement, with refraction occurring at $mathcal{O}(g_{a gamma gamma}^2)$. However, for rays which lie far from the optical axis, the agreement with geometric optics breaks down and the dominant refraction requires a full wave-optical treatment, occurring at $mathcal{O}(g_{a gamma gamma})$. In the presence of sufficiently large plasma masses, the wave-like nature of light becomes suppressed and geometric optics is in good agreement with the full theory for all rays. Our results therefore suggest the necessity of a more comprehensive study of lensing and ray-tracing in axion backgrounds, including a full account of the novel $mathcal{O}(g_{a gamma gamma})$ wave-optical contribution to refraction.
We study the propagation of light in the presence of a parity-violating coupling between photons and axion-like particles (ALPs). Naively, this interaction could lead to a split of light rays into two separate beams of different polarization chirality and with different refraction angles. However, by using the eikonal method we explicitly show that this is not the case and that ALP clumps do not produce any spatial birefringence. This happens due to non-trivial variations of the photons frequency and wavevector, which absorb time-derivatives and gradients of the ALP field. We argue that these variations represent a new way to probe the ALP-photon couping with precision frequency measurements.
A theory of photoinduced directed bending of non-crystalline molecular films is presented. Our approach is based on elastic deformation of the film due to interaction between molecules ordered through polarized light irradiation. The shape of illuminated film is obtained in the frame of the nonlinear elasticity theory. It is shown that the shape and the curvature of the film depend on the polarization and intensity of the light. The curvature of an irradiated film is a non-monotonic function of the extinction coefficient.
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