No Arabic abstract
We report on the first observation of $gamma$ rays emitted from an $sd$-shell hypernucleus, $rm ^{19}_{Lambda}F$. The energy spacing between the ground state doublet, $1/2^{+}$ and $3/2^{+}$ states, of $rm ^{19}_{Lambda}F$ is determined to be $rm 315.5 pm 0.4 (stat) ^{+0.6}_{-0.5} (syst)~keV$ by measuring the $gamma$-ray energy from the $M1(3/2^{+} rightarrow 1/2^{+})$ transition. In addition, three $gamma$-ray peaks were observed and assigned as $E2(5/2^{+} rightarrow 1/2^{+})$, $E1(1/2^{-} rightarrow 1/2^{+})$, and $E1(1/2^{-} rightarrow 3/2^{+})$ transitions. The excitation energies of the $5/2^{+}$ and $1/2^{-}$ states are determined to be $rm 895.2 pm 0.3 (stat) pm 0.5 (syst)~keV$ and $rm 1265.6 pm 1.2 (stat) ^{+0.7}_{-0.5} (syst)~keV$, respectively. It is found that the ground state doublet spacing is well described by theoretical models based on existing $s$- and $p$-shell hypernuclear data.
Level structure of the $^{12}_{Lambda}$C hypernucleus was precisely determined by means of $gamma$-ray spectroscopy. We identified four $gamma$-ray transitions via the $^{12}$C$(pi^{+},K^{+}gamma)$ reaction using a germanium detector array, Hyperball2. The spacing of the ground-state doublet $(2^{-}_{1},1^{-}_{1})$ was measured to be $161.5pm0.3text{(stat)}pm0.3text{(syst)}$,keV from the direct $M1$ transition. Excitation energies of the $1^{-}_{2}$ and $1^{-}_{3}$ states were measured to be $2832pm3pm4$,keV and $6050pm8pm7$,keV, respectively. The obtained level energies provide definitive references for the reaction spectroscopy of $Lambda$ hypernuclei.
Bound-systems of $Xi^-$--$^{14}_{}{rm N}$ are studied via $Xi^-$ capture at rest followed by emission of a twin single-$Lambda$ hypernucleus in the emulsion detectors. Two events forming extremely deep $Xi^-$ bound states were obtained by analysis of a hybrid method in the E07 experiment at J-PARC and reanalysis of the E373 experiment at KEK-PS. The decay mode of one event was assigned as $Xi^-+^{14}_{}{rm N}to^{5}_{Lambda}{rm He}$+$^{5}_{Lambda}{rm He}$+$^{4}_{}{rm He}$+n. Since there are no excited states for daughter particles, the binding energy of the $Xi^-$ hyperon, $B_{Xi^-}$, in $^{14}_{}{rm N}$ nucleus was uniquely determined to be 6.27 $pm$ 0.27 MeV. Another $Xi^-$--$^{14}_{}{rm N}$ system via the decay $^{9}_{Lambda}{rm Be}$ + $^{5}_{Lambda}{rm He}$ + n brings a $B_{Xi^-}$ value, 8.00 $pm$ 0.77 MeV or 4.96 $pm$ 0.77 MeV, where the two possible values of $B_{Xi^-}$ correspond to the ground and the excited states of the daughter $^{9}_{Lambda}{rm Be}$ nucleus, respectively. Because the $B_{Xi^-}$ values are larger than those of the previously reported events (KISO and IBUKI), which are both interpreted as the nuclear $1p$ state of the $Xi^-$--$^{14}_{}{rm N}$ system, these new events give the first indication of the nuclear $1s$ state of the $Xi$ hypernucleus, $^{15}_{Xi}{rm C}$.
A set of high resolution zero-degree inelastic proton scattering data on 24Mg, 28Si, 32S, and 40Ca provides new insight into the long-standing puzzle of the origin of fragmentation of the Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) in sd-shell nuclei. Understanding is provided by state-of-the-art theoretical Random Phase Approximation (RPA) calculatios for deformed nuclei using for the first time a realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction derived from the Argonne V18 potential with the unitary correlation operator method and supplemented by a phenomenological three-nucleon contact interaction. A wavelet analysis allows to extract significant scales both in the data and calculations characterizing the fine structure of the GDR. The fair agreement supports that the fine structure arises from ground-state deformation driven by alpha clustering.
Previous studies of proton and neutron spectra from Non-Mesonic Weak Decay of eight Lambda-Hypernuclei (A = 5-16) have been revisited. New values of the ratio of the two-nucleon and the one-proton induced decay widths, Gamma_2N/Gamma_p, are obtained from single proton spectra, Gamma_2N/Gamma_p = 0.50 +/- 0.24, and from neutron and proton coincidence spectra, Gamma_2N/Gamma_p = 0.36 +/- 0.14stat +0.05sys -0.04sys , in full agreement with previously published ones. With these values, a method is developed to extract the one-proton induced decay width in units of the free Lambda decay width, Gamma_p/Gamma_Lambda, without resorting to Intra Nuclear Cascade models but by exploiting only experimental data, under the assumption of a linear dependence on A of the Final State Interaction contribution. This is the first systematic determination ever done and it agrees within the errors with recent theoretical calculations.
We extend the ab initio coupled-cluster effective interaction (CCEI) method to deformed open-shell nuclei with protons and neutrons in the valence space, and compute binding energies and excited states of isotopes of neon and magnesium. We employ a nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon interaction from chiral effective field theory evolved to a lower cutoff via a similarity renormalization group transformation. We find good agreement with experiment for binding energies and spectra, while charge radii of neon isotopes are underestimated. For the deformed nuclei $^{20}$Ne and $^{24}$Mg we reproduce rotational bands and electric quadrupole transitions within uncertainties estimated from an effective field theory for deformed nuclei, thereby demonstrating that collective phenomena in $sd$-shell nuclei emerge from complex ab initio calculations.