No Arabic abstract
Peacekeeping is a noble and essential activity, helping to bring peace to conflict torn areas and providing security to millions of people around the world. Peacekeepers operate in all domains of war: buffer zones on land, no fly zones in the air and ensuring free passage at sea. With the emergence of cyberspace as a domain of war, questions on the role of peacekeeping in this domain naturally arise. There is extensive research around the topic of cyber warfare, but surprisingly little on how to restore and maintain peace in its aftermath. This is a significant gap which needs addressing. We begin by providing an overview of peacekeeping, describing its overarching goals and principles, using the United Nations model as a reference. We then review existing literature on cyber peacekeeping. The paper progresses to discuss the question of whether cyber peacekeeping is needed, and if so, if it is a plausible concept. We explore some ideas on how cyber peacekeeping could be performed and the challenges cyber peacekeepers will face, before making suggestions on where future work should be focused.
In Cyberspace nowadays, there is a burst of information that everyone has access. However, apart from the advantages the Internet offers, it also hides numerous dangers for both people and nations. Cyberspace has a dark side, including terrorism, bullying, and other types of violence. Cyberwarfare is a kind of virtual war that causes the same destruction that a physical war would also do. In this article, we discuss what Cyberterrorism is and how it can lead to Cyberwarfare.
Cyber peacekeeping is an emerging and multi-disciplinary field of research, touching upon technical, political and societal domains of thought. In this article we build upon previous works by developing the cyber peacekeeping activity of observation, monitoring and reporting. We take a practical approach: describing a scenario in which two countries request UN support in drawing up and overseeing a ceasefire which includes cyber terms. We explore how a cyber peacekeeping operation could start up and discuss the challenges it will face. The article makes a number of proposals, including the use of a virtual collaborative environment to bring multiple benefits. We conclude by summarising our findings, and describing where further work lies.
The management and combination of uncertain, imprecise, fuzzy and even paradoxical or high conflicting sources of information has always been, and still remains today, of primal importance for the development of reliable modern information systems involving artificial reasoning. In this introduction, we present a survey of our recent theory of plausible and paradoxical reasoning, known as Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT), developed for dealing with imprecise, uncertain and conflicting sources of information. We focus our presentation on the foundations of DSmT and on its most important rules of combination, rather than on browsing specific applications of DSmT available in literature. Several simple examples are given throughout this presentation to show the efficiency and the generality of this new approach.
This article presents an introduction to MMPDElab, a package written in MATLAB for adaptive mesh movement and adaptive moving mesh P1 finite element solution of second-order partial different equations having continuous solutions in one, two, and three spatial dimensions. MMPDElab uses simplicial meshes.
The JVO ALMA WebQL web service - available through the JVO ALMA FITS archive - has been upgraded to include legacy data from other telescopes, for example Nobeyama NRO45M in Japan. The updated server software has been renamed FITSWebQL. In addition, a standalone desktop version supporting Linux, macOS and Windows 10 Linux Subsystem (Bash on Windows) is also available for download from http://jvo.nao.ac.jp/~chris/ . The FITSWebQL server enables viewing of even 100GB-large FITS files in a web browser running on a PC with a limited amount of RAM. Users can interactively zoom-in to selected areas of interest with the corresponding frequency spectrum being calculated on the server in near real-time. The client (a browser) is a JavaScript application built on WebSockets, HTML5, WebGL and SVG. There are many challenges when providing a web browser-based real-time FITS data cube preview service over high-latency low-bandwidth network connections. The upgraded version tries to overcome the latency issue by predicting user mouse movements with a Kalman Filter in order to speculatively deliver the real-time spectrum data at a point where the user is likely to be looking at. The new version also allows one to view multiple FITS files simultaneously in an RGB composite mode (NRO45M FUGIN only), where each dataset is assigned one RGB channel to form a colour image. Spectra from multiple FITS cubes are shown together too. The paper briefly describes main features of FITSWebQL. We also touch on some of the recent developments, such as an experimental switch from C/C++ to Rust (see https://www.rust-lang.org/) for improved stability, better memory management and fearless concurrency, or attempts to display FITS data cubes in the form of interactive on-demand video streams in a web browser.