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Register a new userOn the Whitney extension property for continuously differentiable horizontal curves in sub-Riemannian manifolds
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In this article we study the validity of the Whitney $C^1$ extension property for horizontal curves in sub-Riemannian manifolds endowed with 1-jets that satisfy a first-order Taylor expansion compatibility condition. We first consider the equiregular case, where we show that the extension property holds true whenever a suitable non-singularity property holds for the input-output maps on the Carnot groups obtained by nilpotent approximation. We then discuss the case of sub-Riemannian manifolds with singular points and we show that all step-2 manifolds satisfy the $C^1$ extension property. We conclude by showing that the $C^1$ extension property implies a Lusin-like approximation theorem for horizontal curves on sub-Riemannian manifolds.
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The Whitney extension theorem is a classical result in analysis giving a necessary and sufficient condition for a function defined on a closed set to be extendable to the whole space with a given class of regularity. It has been adapted to several settings, among which the one of Carnot groups. However, the target space has generally been assumed to be equal to R^d for some d $ge$ 1. We focus here on the extendability problem for general ordered pairs (G_1,G_2) (with G_2 non-Abelian). We analyze in particular the case G_1 = R and characterize the groups G_2 for which the Whitney extension property holds, in terms of a newly introduced notion that we call pliability. Pliability happens to be related to rigidity as defined by Bryant an Hsu. We exploit this relation in order to provide examples of non-pliable Carnot groups, that is, Carnot groups so that the Whitney extension property does not hold. We use geometric control theory results on the accessibility of control affine systems in order to test the pliability of a Carnot group. In particular, we recover some recent results by Le Donne, Speight and Zimmermann about Lusin approximation in Carnot groups of step 2 and Whitney extension in Heisenberg groups. We extend such results to all pliable Carnot groups, and we show that the latter may be of arbitrarily large step.
We prove that sub-Riemannian manifolds are infinitesimally Hilbertian (i.e., the associated Sobolev space is Hilbert) when equipped with an arbitrary Radon measure. The result follows from an embedding of metric derivations into the space of square-integrable sections of the horizontal bundle, which we obtain on all weighted sub-Finsler manifolds. As an intermediate tool, of independent interest, we show that any sub-Finsler distance can be monotonically approximated from below by Finsler ones. All the results are obtained in the general setting of possibly rank-varying structures.
We construct examples of smooth 4-dimensional manifolds M supporting a locally CAT(0)-metric, whose universal cover X satisfy Hruskas isolated flats condition, and contain 2-dimensional flats F with the property that the boundary at infinity of F defines a nontrivial knot in the boundary at infinity of X. As a consequence, we obtain that the fundamental group of M cannot be isomorphic to the fundamental group of any Riemannian manifold of nonpositive sectional curvature. In particular, M is a locally CAT(0)-manifold which does not support any Riemannian metric of nonpositive sectional curvature.
We show that if $M$ is a sub-Riemannian manifold and $N$ is a Carnot group such that the nilpotentization of $M$ at almost every point is isomorphic to $N$, then there are subsets of $N$ of positive measure that embed into $M$ by bilipschitz maps. Furthermore, $M$ is countably $N$--rectifiable, i.e., all of $M$ except for a null set can be covered by countably many such maps.
Let $Dgeq 2$, $Ssubset mathbb R^D$ be finite and let $phi:Sto mathbb R^D$ with $phi$ a small distortion on $S$. We solve the Whitney extension-interpolation-alignment problem of how to understand when $phi$ can be extended to a function $Phi:mathbb R^Dto mathbb R^D$ which is a smooth small distortion on $mathbb R^D$. Our main results are in addition to Whitney extensions, results on interpolation and alignment of data in $mathbb R^D$ and complement those of [14,15,20].
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