No Arabic abstract
A matchbox manifold is a foliated space with totally disconnected transversals, and an equicontinuous matchbox manifold is the generalization of Riemannian foliations for smooth manifolds in this context. In this paper, we develop the Molino theory for all equicontinuous matchbox manifolds. Our work extends the Molino theory developed in the work of Alvarez Lopez and Moreira Galicia which required the hypothesis that the holonomy actions for these spaces satisfy the strong quasi-analyticity condition. The methods of this paper are based on the authors previous works on the structure of weak solenoids, and provide many new properties of the Molino theory for the case of totally disconnected transversals, and examples to illustrate these properties. In particular, we show that the Molino space need not be uniquely well-defined, unless the global holonomy dynamical system is tame, a notion defined in this work. We show that examples in the literature for the theory of weak solenoids provide examples for which the strong quasi-analytic condition fails. Of particular interest is a new class of examples of equicontinuous minimal Cantor actions by finitely generated groups, whose construction relies on a result of Lubotzky. These examples have non-trivial Molino sequences, and other interesting properties.
In this work, we develop shape expansions of minimal matchbox manifolds without holonomy, in terms of branched manifolds formed from their leaves. Our approach is based on the method of coding the holonomy groups for the foliated spaces, to define leafwise regions which are transversely stable and are adapted to the foliation dynamics. Approximations are obtained by collapsing appropriately chosen neighborhoods onto these regions along a transverse Cantor foliation. The existence of the transverse Cantor foliation allows us to generalize standard techniques known for Euclidean and fibered cases to arbitrary matchbox manifolds with Riemannian leaf geometry and without holonomy. The transverse Cantor foliations used here are constructed by purely intrinsic and topological means, as we do not assume that our matchbox manifolds are embedded into a smooth foliated manifold, or a smooth manifold.
In this paper, we study the Hausdorff and the box dimensions of closed invariant subsets of the space of pointed trees, equipped with a pseudogroup action. This pseudogroup dynamical system can be regarded as a generalization of a shift space. We show that the Hausdorff dimension of the space of pointed trees is infinite, and the union of closed invariant subsets with dense orbit and non-equal Hausdorff and box dimensions is dense in the space of pointed trees. We apply our results to the problem of embedding laminations into differentiable foliations of smooth manifolds. To admit such an embedding, a lamination must satisfy at least the following two conditions: first, it must admit a metric and a foliated atlas, such that the generators of the holonomy pseudogroup, associated to the atlas, are bi-Lipschitz maps relative to the metric. Second, it must admit an embedding into a manifold, which is a bi-Lipschitz map. A suspension of the pseudogroup action on the space of pointed graphs gives an example of a lamination where the first condition is satisfied, and the second one is not satisfied, with Hausdorff dimension of the space of pointed trees being the obstruction to the existence of a bi-Lipschitz embedding.
We give an exposition of the theory of invariant manifolds around a fixed point, in the case of time-discrete, analytic dynamical systems over a complete ultrametric field K. Typically, we consider an analytic manifold M modelled on an ultrametric Banach space over K, an analytic self-map f of M, and a fixed point p of f. Under suitable conditions on the tangent map of f at p, we construct a centre-stable manifold, a centre manifold, respectively, an r-stable manifold around p, for a given positive real number r not exceeding 1. The invariant manifolds are useful in the theory of Lie groups over local fields, where they allow results to be extended to the case of positive characteristic which previously were only available in characteristic zero (i.e., for p-adic Lie groups).
We show that an approximate lattice in a nilpotent Lie group admits a relatively dense subset of central $(1-epsilon)$-Bragg peaks for every $epsilon > 0$. For the Heisenberg group we deduce that the union of horizontal and vertical $(1-epsilon)$-Bragg peaks is relatively dense in the unitary dual. More generally we study uniform approximate lattices in extensions of lcsc groups. We obtain necesary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a continuous horizontal factor of the associated hull-dynamical system, and study the spectral theory of the hull-dynamical system relative to this horizontal factor.
This article establishes the foundation for a new theory of invariant/integral manifolds for non-autonomous dynamical systems. Current rigorous support for dimensional reduction modelling of slow-fast systems is limited by the rare events in stochastic systems that may cause escape, and limited in many applications by the unbounded nature of PDE operators. To circumvent such limitations, we initiate developing a backward theory of invariant/integral manifolds that complements extant forward theory. Here, for deterministic non-autonomous ODE systems, we construct a conjugacy with a normal form system to establish the existence, emergence and exact construction of center manifolds in a finite domain for systems `arbitrarily close to that specified. A benefit is that the constructed invariant manifolds are known to be exact for systems `close to the one specified, and hence the only error is in determining how close over the domain of interest for any specific application. Built on the base developed here, planned future research should develop a theory for stochastic and/or PDE systems that is useful in a wide range of modelling applications.