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On-Chip Matching Networks for Radio-Frequency Single-Electron-Transistors

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 Added by Alex Rimberg
 Publication date 2007
  fields Physics
and research's language is English




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In this letter, we describe operation of a radio-frequency superconducting single electron transistor (RF-SSET) with an on-chip superconducting LC matching network consisting of a spiral inductor L and its capacitance to ground. The superconducting network has a lower parasitic capacitance and gives a better matching for the RF-SSET than does a commercial chip inductor. Moreover, the superconducting network has negligibly low dissipation, leading to sensitive response to changes in the RF-SSET impedance. The charge sensitivity 2.4*10^-6 e/(Hz)^1/2 in the sub-gap region and energy sensitivity of 1.9 hbar indicate that the RF-SSET is operating in the vicinity of the shot noise limit.



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Radio frequency reflectometry is demonstrated in a sub-micron undoped AlGaAs/GaAs device. Undoped single electron transistors (SETs) are attractive candidates to study single electron phenomena due to their charge stability and robust electronic properties after thermal cycling. However these devices require a large top-gate which is unsuitable for the fast and sensitive radio frequency reflectometry technique. Here we demonstrate rf reflectometry is possible in an undoped SET.
We perform in-situ detection of individual electrons pumped through a single-electron turnstile based on ultrasmall normal metal - insulator - superconductor tunnel junctions. In our setup, limited by the detector bandwidth, at low repetition rates we observe errorless sequential transfer of up to several hundred electrons through the system. At faster pumping speeds up to 100 kHz, we show relative error rates down to 10^-3, comparable to typical values obtained from measurements of average pumped current in non-optimized individual turnstiles. The work constitutes an initial step towards a self-referenced current standard realized with metallic single-electron turnstiles, complementing approaches based on semiconductor quantum dot pumps. It is the first demonstration of on-chip pumping error detection at operation frequencies exceeding the detector bandwidth, in a configuration where the average pumped current can be simultaneously measured. The scheme in which electrons are counted from the superconducting lead of the turnstile, instead of direct probing of the normal metal island, also enables studies of fundamental higher-order tunneling processes in the hybrid structures, previously not in reach with simpler configurations.
We propose a novel hybrid single-electron device for reprogrammable low-power logic operations, the magnetic single-electron transistor (MSET). The device consists of an aluminium single-electron transistors with a GaMnAs magnetic back-gate. Changing between different logic gate functions is realized by reorienting the magnetic moments of the magnetic layer which induce a voltage shift on the Coulomb blockade oscillations of the MSET. We show that we can arbitrarily reprogram the function of the device from an n-type SET for in-plane magnetization of the GaMnAs layer to p-type SET for out-of-plane magnetization orientation. Moreover, we demonstrate a set of reprogrammable Boolean gates and its logical complement at the single device level. Finally, we propose two sets of reconfigurable binary gates using combinations of two MSETs in a pull-down network.
A radio-frequency (rf) matching circuit with an in situ tunable varactor diode used for rf reflectometry measurements in semiconductor nanostructures is investigated and used to optimize the sample-specific chip design. The samples are integrated in a 2-4 GHz stub-matching circuit consisting of a waveguide stub shunted to the terminated coplanar waveguide. Several quantum point contacts fabricated on a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure with different chip designs are compared. We show that the change of the reflection coefficient for a fixed change in the quantum point contact conductance can be enhanced by a factor of 3 compared to conventional designs by a suitable electrode geometry.
We have fabricated quantum dot single electron transistors, based on AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunctions without modulation doping, which exhibit clear and stable Coulomb blockade oscillations. The temperature dependence of the Coulomb blockade peak lineshape is well described by standard Coulomb blockade theory in the quantum regime. Bias spectroscopy measurements have allowed us to directly extract the charging energy, and showed clear evidence of excited state transport, confirming that individual quantum states in the dot can be resolved.
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