Resources of marine environment are suffering from over-exploitation by Flags of
Convenience vessels; which refer to vessels registered in foreign countries known as Open
Registry countries. These countries usually do not fulfill the obligations in
cumbent upon
them as flag states towards the vessels flying their flags, in an attempt to attract more
registries. They, inter alia, adopt loose enforcement measures against illegal activities by
their vessels, and do not monitor the working conditions on board those vessels.
This situation is of a bad effect on both marine environment and worker’s rights on
board flag of convenience vessels. Therefore, it is important to cast light on the
mechanisms included in the United Nations Law of the Sea Convention 1982 regarding
this problem, and to assess their effectiveness.
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is considered relatively a modern regional organization which was announced officially in 2001; it included all of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan (as permanent members, the
(SCO) occupied a very important position in the world several years ago, via the capacities of its countries in economic, political and military forces. In the light of the current crisis afflicting Syria and the pressures and foreign sanctions upon it, in addition to the new strategy adopted by the Syrian government, which stipulates "going east", the Shanghai Cooperation Organization shaped broad international scope for Syria to get rid of the pressure and Western sanctions.
This research will try to shed light on the (SCO) and its attitude toward Syrian crisis and the implications of the stands of some countries, especially China and Russia
