BiQuAD: Towards QA based on deeper text understanding

Recent question answering and machine reading benchmarks frequently reduce the task to one of pinpointing spans within a certain text passage that answers the given question. Typically, these systems are not required to actually understand the text on a deeper level that allows for more complex reasoning on the information contained. We introduce a new dataset called BiQuAD that requires deeper comprehension in order to answer questions in both extractive and deductive fashion. The dataset consist of 4,190 closed-domain texts and a total of 99,149 question-answer pairs. The texts are synthetically generated soccer match reports that verbalize the main events of each match. All texts are accompanied by a structured Datalog program that represents a (logical) model of its information. We show that state-of-the-art QA models do not perform well on the challenging long form contexts and reasoning requirements posed by the dataset. In particular, transformer based state-of-the-art models achieve F1-scores of only 39.0. We demonstrate how these synthetic datasets align structured knowledge with natural text and aid model introspection when approaching complex text understanding.

Renovating Interpretation of Islamic Scripture between Systematic Authentication and Comprehending of Reality

Renovating the interpretation of Islamic scripture doesn't refer to coining new rootless values, which contradict with Islamic belief and legislative principles, but rather refers to refining the way people understand religion from negative aspects, and enabling them to understand religious values and principles as first Muslims understood them in the outset of Islam. This is a renovation in the understanding of people, not in the religion itself, and its firm rules and values. Since we live in an age governed by programmed civilization, going by precise and deliberate planning, then we have to set the priorities related to our intended renovation of understanding, namely maintaining a systematic authentication method, which constitutes the referential base from which the independent thinker derives his theoretical approach to interpretation, description, and the consequent results. Furthermore, reading the reality, and comprehending it in whole, reassures us that the whole reality needs to be subjected to renovation. Consequently, this study is intended to show that Islam emphasizes the need to renovate comprehension and reality reading, by mastering the principles of Islamic scripture, and obtaining a methodology of renovating its understanding, through several points this research discusses….