The aim of current research was to study some diagnostic characteristics
/morphological, physical, chemical/and the origin structureofforest soils in Syrian coastal
region. In addition to estimation of microbial activity of some microbial groups/ba
cteria,
fungi, actinomycete/ to establish a general view of these soils.
Two complete sections were prepared in the considered soils /Safita-Tartous/
andsamples were taken after the soils sections description for diagnostic characterization.
The results showed that the soil pH was between neutral and tiny basic and because
of the richnessof the studied soil by calcium carbonate. However, the highest percentage of
organic matter in all sections were concentrated in the surface horizon and was decreasing
with depth. Our results also showed that the microbial activity was positively correlated
with the content of the organic matter and negatively with the depth, so the total number of
bacteria and fungi was decreasing in the under surface horizon. A
muddymetamorphosedhorizon (Bm) was formed in the two sections.
This research studies some soil properties formed on calcareous rocks under a natural plant cover of wide leaves (mainly: Quercus calliprinos and Quercus infectoria) in Banias region (63 – 234) meters height above sea level.
Firstly, 3 soi
l profiles in the studied area were done, then morphological characteristic, type of plant cover and Geographic Position System (GPS) were accomplished.
Samples were taken from profile horizons, then, physical and chemical properties were determined (structure, bulk and real densities, total calcium carbonate percent, organic matter content, action exchange capacity, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, and pH).
The profile depth ranged between low and medium (60 – 137) cm, the pH ranged between neutral and alkaline (7.1- 8.2), there was an increase in calcium carbonate content in the whole profile (17- 88%), and also increase of organic matter contents in the horizon (8- 12%). Due to high clay (18-74) % and organic matter content (8-12) %, the soils showed high cation exchange capacity (CEC) (21- 92 meq/100g). Exchangeable calcium was dominant on the surface of adsorption complex (17- 74 meq/100g), then magnesium in second stage (0.2- 6 meq/100g).
From a classification point, the soils were classified under the following orders:
Entisols, Mollisols, Inceptisols, which have profile types: A – AC – C, A – AR – R, and A – (B) – C.
Soil depth and its content of rocky pieces were varied according to relief degree, plant cover intensity, and parent rocks hardness. Most of soil properties are a parent material descendible, and the soils were slightly developed and recently formed.
