Blast load caused emptying a large amount of energy very quickly parts of the
second causing a significant increase of pressure, in addition to generating high
temperatures because of the high speed often ends local effects of the explosion before
the
bridge begins to respond, which causing major damage in the bridge. Most of bridge
design codes didn’t take in account during design the blast load, as well there are no codes
inspection on bridges the blast load. The research aims to study and to facilitate the
understanding of damages caused by explosion load on elements of road bridges through
the facts of explosion and photographs the cases of damages occurring practical and
realistic, and also through some computer models.It has been in the research review the
impact of the blast load on the slab bridges. The distinction between the case of the impact
of the blast load at top and bottom of slab bridge. So the case of the bombing at the top
slab bridge leading to increase the binding moments and shear forces, in against the case of
blasting at the bottom of slab bridges leads to act opposite load for design loads. Also
studied blast load on bridge beams and illustrated resulting addional cross sections. Also
explained the effect of blast load on bridge piers and abutments, and the forms of caused
damages.
This researchdeals with the topic of controlling the cost of concrete bridge projects in
the early design phase. The research aims at using cost controlling as an auxiliary tool for
designing and decision making.Cost control methodology has been pr
oposed based on
modeling the elements of structure, and proposing a method forcost estimate. This method
based on estimating of quantitiesfrom the general parameters of the structure and prices are
being updated periodically.The proposed methodology studiesmany available alternatives
that werechosen by the designer andevaluate thesealternativeseconomically.
