Since the formation of the modern Iraqi state in 1921 until today, Iraqi society has been suffering from multiple problems, which have led to political and social instability. Iraq is a diverse country, nationally, religiously and sectarianly. Arabs,
Kurds, Turkmen and Armenians are essential components; With this national diversity there is religious diversity such as Islam, Christianity, Yazidis and Sabians. This national and religious diversity was accompanied by political diversity, so there were many political parties and organizations expressing that diversity.
And that this plurality in the social formation as a social and historical phenomenon, rarely devoid of any society, and it is not in itself a source of division and rivalry in any of the contemporary societies. In the production and reproduction of crises and tensions.
Throughout the period from 1921 until 2003, this diversity was governed by coercion and coercion. Iraq, as a country, was united, but that unification was the result of the policy of oppression, state terrorism, organized repression, internal and external wars and mass massacres that led the country from one crisis to another, killing millions of innocent people, in addition to the waste of money and wealth in light of the militarization of the state and society.. Therefore, that unification was not the result of Consent, voluntary, and free democratic coexistence between the national and religious social components
It is natural that the above social diversity is reflected in the loyalties of the Iraqi person. Instead of directing his loyalty towards the greater homeland; A significant number of people may turn their allegiances towards the religion, religious sect, nationality, family, clan, etc., to which he belongs, thus weakening his sense of citizenship as a result. Citizenship transcends factionalism, but it does not abolish it. What is required is to adapt and coexist with it; Citizenship is a crucible in which all affiliations melt, and to the extent of harmony and order between these state and factional elements, the citizen finds himself and the group to which he belongs their position. ... etc., and thus the verification of the above issue represents the main problems of this research, as it explores the nature of the sense of citizenship among university students.
