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Mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) microscopy has been a promising label-free chemical imaging technique for functional characterization of specimens owing to its enhanced spatial resolution and high specificity. Recently developed wide-field MIP imaging modalities have drastically improved speed and enabled high-throughput imaging of micron-scale subjects. However, the weakly scattered signal from sub-wavelength particles becomes indistinguishable from the shot-noise as a consequence of the strong background light, leading to limited sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate background-suppressed chemical fingerprinting at a single nanoparticle level by selectively attenuating the reflected light through pupil engineering in the collection path. Our technique provides over three orders of magnitude background suppression by quasi-darkfield illumination in epi-configuration without sacrificing lateral resolution. We demonstrate 6-fold signal-to-background noise ratio improvement, allowing for simultaneous detection and discrimination of hundreds of nanoparticles across a field of view of 70 um x 70 um. A comprehensive theoretical framework for photothermal image formation is provided and experimentally validated with 300 and 500~nm PMMA beads. The versatility and utility of our technique are demonstrated via hyperspectral dark-field MIP imaging of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria.
Mid-infrared photothermal microscopy is a new chemical imaging technology in which a visible beam senses the photothermal effect induced by a pulsed infrared laser. This technology provides infrared spectroscopic information at sub-micron spatial res
We demonstrate instrumentation and methods to enable fluorescence-detected photothermal infrared (F-PTIR) microscopy, then demonstrate the utility of F-PTIR to characterize the composition within phase-separated domains of model amorphous solid dispe
Over the past decade, remarkable advances have been realized in chip-based nonlinear photonic devices for classical and quantum applications in the near- and mid-infrared regimes. However, few demonstrations have been realized in the visible and near
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