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It is shown that Extensive Air Shower (EAS) longitudinal development has a critical point where an equilibrium between the main hadronic component and the secondary electromagnetic one exhibits a brake. This results in a change of slope in quasi-power law function $N_{e}(Eo)$. The latter leads to a knee in the EAS size spectrum at primary energy of about 100 TeV/nucleon. Many ``strange experimental results can be successfully explained in the frames of current approach.
A large area (128 m^2) Muon Tracking Detector (MTD), located within the KASCADE experiment, has been built with the aim to identify muons (E_mu > 0.8 GeV) and their directions in extensive air showers by track measurements under more than 18 r.l. shi
Primary cosmic ray particles above energies of about 100 TeV are investigated by large-area ground based detector installations, observing various components of the development of extensive air-showers (EAS). By such an indirect access to the primary
The cosmic ray flux measured by the Telescope Array Low Energy Extension (TALE) exhibits three spectral features: the knee, the dip in the $10^{16}$ eV decade, and the second knee. Here the spectrum has been measured for the first time using fluoresc
This work is devoted to the experimental study of the longitudinal hadronic shower development in the ATLAS barrel combined prototype calorimeter consisting of the lead-liquid argon electromagnetic part and the iron-scintillator hadronic part. The re
Starting from childhood, the human brain restructures and rewires throughout life. Characterizing such complex brain development requires effective analysis of longitudinal and multi-modal neuroimaging data. Here, we propose such an analysis approach