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تسجيل مستخدم جديدFuture Solar Neutrino Projects
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Robert E. Lanou
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A review is presented of several projects under development which aim to be third generation solar neutrino detectors.
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New results from Super-Kamiokande, K2K and SNO not only have spurred on the interest in neutrino oscillation physics, but also have started to shift the interest from discovery to precision measurements. Future projects focusing on atmospheric neutri
nos are reviewed in this context. Important contributions could be made in the precision determination of the oscillation parameters, in the observation of matter effects and in the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy. Unfortunately, the probability that the projects discussed in this review will be running in the next ten years is rather small. The only project with a shorter time scale has not been funded.
Future experiments focusing on atmospheric neutrino detection are reviewed. One of the main goals of these experiments is the detection of an unambiguous oscillation pattern (nu_mu reappearance) to prove the oscillation hypothesis. Further goals incl
ude the discrimination of nu_mu - nu_tau and nu_mu - nu_sterile oscillations, and the detection of a potential small nu_mu - nu_e contribution. The search for matter effects in three or more flavour oscillations can be used to constrain hybrid oscillation models and potentially measure the sign of delta m^2. The detectors and measurement techniques proposed to achieve these goals are described, and their physics reach is discussed.
More than 40 years ago, neutrinos where conceived as a way to test the validity of the solar models which tell us that stars are powered by nuclear fusion reactions. The first measurement of the neutrino flux, in 1968 in the Homestake mine in South D
akota, detected only one third of the expected value, originating what has been known as the Solar Neutrino Problem. Different experiments were built in order to understand the origin of this discrepancy. Now we know that neutrinos undergo oscillation phenomenon changing their nature traveling from the core of the Sun to our detectors. In the work the 40 year long saga of the neutrino detection is presented; from the first proposals to test the solar models to last real time measurements of the low energy part of the neutrino spectrum.
More than forty years after the first detection of neutrinos from the Sun, the spectroscopy of solar neutrinos has proven to be an on-going success story. The long-standing puzzle about the observed solar neutrino deficit has been resolved by the dis
covery of neutrino flavor oscillations. Todays experiments have been able to solidify the standard MSW-LMA oscillation scenario by performing precise measurements over the whole energy range of the solar neutrino spectrum. This article reviews the enabling experimental technologies: On the one hand mutli-kiloton-scale water Cherenkov detectors performing measurements in the high-energy regime of the spectrum, on the other end ultrapure liquid-scintillator detectors that allow for a low-threshold analysis. The current experimental results on the fluxes, spectra and time variation of the different components of the solar neutrino spectrum will be presented, setting them in the context of both neutrino oscillation physics and the hydrogen fusion processes embedded in the Standard Solar Model. Finally, the physics potential of state-of-the-art detectors and a next-generation of experiments based on novel techniques will be assessed in the context of the most interesting open questions in solar neutrino physics: a precise measurement of the vacuum-matter transition curve of electron-neutrino oscillation probability that offers a definitive test of the basic MSW-LMA scenario or the appearance of new physics; and a first detection of neutrinos from the CNO cycle that will provide new information on solar metallicity and stellar physics.
The primary goal of the Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) is to measure the neutrino mixing matrix parameters. The design, optimized to search for CP violation and to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy, includes a large $mathcal{O}(10$ kt)
Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) at 1300 km downstream of a wide-band neutrino beam. A brief introduction to the neutrino mixing parameters will be followed by a discussion of sensitivity study analysis methods and a summary of the results for LBNE. The studies include comparisons with the Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) and NuMI Off-axis electron-neutrino Appearance (NO$ u$A) experiments as well as combined sensitivities. Finally, the impact of including a realistic set of systematic uncertainties will be presented.
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