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A dilute concentration of magnetic impurities can dramatically affect the transport properties of an otherwise pure metal. This phenomenon, known as the Kondo effect, originates from the interactions of individual magnetic impurities with the conduction electrons. Nearly a decade ago, the Kondo effect was observed in a new system, in which the magnetic moment stems from a single unpaired spin in a lithographically defined quantum dot, or artificial atom. The discovery of the Kondo effect in artificial atoms spurred a revival in the study of Kondo physics, due in part to the unprecedented control of relevant parameters in these systems. In this review we discuss the physics, origins, and phenomenology of the Kondo effect in the context of recent quantum dot experiments.
Numerical analysis of the simplest odd-numbered system of coupled quantum dots reveals an interplay between magnetic ordering, charge fluctuations and the tendency of itinerant electrons in the leads to screen magnetic moments. The transition from lo
We study the non-equilibrium regime of the Kondo effect in a quantum dot laterally coupled to a narrow wire. We observe a split Kondo resonance when a finite bias voltage is imposed across the wire. The splitting is attributed to the creation of a do
The Kondo effect is a key many-body phenomenon in condensed matter physics. It concerns the interaction between a localised spin and free electrons. Discovered in metals containing small amounts of magnetic impurities, it is now a fundamental mechani
We study the spin-valley Kondo effect of a silicon quantum dot occupied by $% mathcal{N}$ electrons, with $mathcal{N}$ up to four. We show that the Kondo resonance appears in the $mathcal{N}=1,2,3$ Coulomb blockade regimes, but not in the $mathcal{N}
We propose a nanoscale device consisting of a double quantum dot with strong intra- and inter- dot Coulomb repulsions. In this design, the current can only flow through the lower dot, but is triggered by the gate-controlled occupancy of the upper dot