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We review and speculate on two recent developments of quantum optics and ultracold atoms. First, we discuss a possible realization of phonon physics, or as we call it refracton physics with optical lattices. To this aim we combine the physics of cold atoms with cavity QED, and investigate superfluid-Mott insulator quantum phase transition. The systems can exhibit cavity mode modifications due to local changes of refraction index (refractons). Second, we discuss the physics of strongly correlated particles in Abelian, and more interestingly in non-Abelian magnetic fields, using cold atoms.
We present a non-perturbative analysis of a new experimental technique for probing ultracold bosons in an optical lattice by periodic lattice depth modulations. This is done using the time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group method. We fin
We present an overview of our recent measurements on the crossover from a Bose-Einstein condensate of molecules to a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid. The experiments are performed on a two-component spin-mixture of $^6$Li atoms, where a Fesh-bac
The transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator (MI) phase has been observed in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of ytterbium (Yb) atoms in an optical lattice. An all-optically produced BEC of 174Yb atoms was loaded into three-dimensional optica
Quantum mechanical superexchange interactions form the basis of quantum magnetism in strongly correlated electronic media. We report on the direct measurement of superexchange interactions with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. After preparing a s
We report the transport of ultracold atoms with optical tweezers in the non-adiabatic regime, i.e. on a time scale on the order of the oscillation period. We have found a set of discrete transport durations for which the transport is not accompanied