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Typical observational gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectra are discussed and, in this connection, what is the origin of the compactness problem and how it was solved at first. If the threshold for $e^{-}e^{+}$ pair production depends on an angle between photon momenta, then another solution of the compactness problem is possible. We discuss a possibility of the $gamma$-rays collimation and the dependence of photon beaming on photon energies. The list of basic assumptions of the scenario describing the GRB source with energy $< 10^{49}$ ergs are adduced: the matter is about an alternative to the ultrarelativistic fireball if {it all} long-duration GRBs are related or physically connected with {it normal/unpeculiar} core-collapse supernovae (SNe). Namely, we consider the questions about radiation pressure and how the jet arises on account of even small asymmetry of the radiation field in a compact GRB source. The possibility of a new approach to explanation of GRB phenomenon is shown. Possible mechanisms of their generation in regions of size $< 10^8$cm are discussed (a compact model of GRBs). Observational consequences of the compact GRB energy release are considered.
We investigate whether Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) from the Current BATSE Catalog have been affected by weak lensing by the nearby large scale structure. The redshift distribution of GRBs is believed to be broad, extending to z~5, so most events can be a
The prompt emission of the gamma-ray bursts is found to be very energetic, releasing ~10^51 ergs in a flash. However, their emission mechanism remains unclear and understanding their spectra is a key to determining the emission mechanism. Many GRB sp
Using the data acquired in the Time To Spill (TTS) mode for long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) collected by the Burst and Transient Source Experiment on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (BATSE/CGRO), we have carefully measured spectral lags in time
The effect of Quantum Gravity (QG) may bring a tiny light speed variation as $v(E)=c(1-E/E_{rm LV})$, where $E$ is the photon energy and $E_{rm LV}$ is a Lorentz violation scale. A remarkable regularity was suggested in previous studies to look for t
We reconsider the possibility that gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the sources of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) within the internal shock model, assuming a pure proton composition of the UHECRs. For the first time, we combine the information