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Since its launch, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) species, $bar{p}$, $e^{pm}$, and nuclei (H-O, Ne, Mg, Si, Fe), which resulted in a number of breakthroughs. The most recent AMS-02 result is the measurement of the spectrum of CR fluorine up to $sim$2 TV. Given its very low solar system abundance, fluorine in CRs is thought to be mostly secondary, produced in fragmentations of heavier species, predominantly Ne, Mg, and Si. Similar to the best-measured secondary-to-primary boron to carbon nuclei ratio that is widely used to study the origin and propagation of CR species, the precise fluorine data would allow the origin of Si-group nuclei to be studied independently. Meanwhile, the secondary origin of CR fluorine has never been tested in a wide energy range due to the lack of accurate CR data. In this paper, we use the first ever precise measurements of the fluorine spectrum by AMS-02 together with ACE-CRIS and Voyager 1 data to actually test this paradigm. Our detailed modeling shows an excess below 10 GV in the fluorine spectrum that is most likely due to the primary fluorine component. We also provide an updated local interstellar spectrum (LIS) of fluorine in the rigidity range from few MV to $sim$2 TV. Our calculations employ the self-consistent GalProp-HelMod framework that has proved to be a reliable tool in deriving the LIS of CR $bar{p}$, $e^{-}$, and nuclei $Zle28$.
Since its launch, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer - 02 (AMS-02) has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) species, $bar{p}$, $e^{pm}$, and nuclei, $_1$H-$_8$O, $_{10}$Ne, $_{12}$Mg, $_{14}$Si, which resulted in
The ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray anisotropies discovered by the Pierre Auger Observatory give the potential to finally address both the particles origins and properties of the nearby extragalactic magnetic field (EGMF). We examine the implications of
The recently observed data by AMS-02 clearly confirms that the positron flux rises with energy and shows a peak near a few hundred GeV. This rising positron flux cannot be explained by interactions of cosmic rays with interstellar hydrogen gas. In th
We report the analysis of the Fermi-Large Area Telescope data from six nearby giant molecular clouds (MCs) belonging to the Gould Belt and the Aquila Rift regions. The high statistical {gamma}-ray spectra above 3 GeV well described by power laws make
We review some of the recent progress in our knowledge about high-energy cosmic rays, with an emphasis on the interpretation of the different observational results. We discuss the effects that are relevant to shape the cosmic ray spectrum and the exp