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It was well known that there are $e$-particles and $m$-strings in the 3-dimensional (spatial dimension) toric code model, which realizes the 3-dimensional $mathbb{Z}_2$ topological order. Recent mathematical result, however, shows that there are additional string-like topological defects in the 3-dimensional $mathbb{Z}_2$ topological order. In this work, we construct all topological defects of codimension 2 and higher, and show that they form a braided fusion 2-category satisfying a braiding non-degeneracy condition.
In this work, we use Ising chain and Kitaev chain to check the validity of an earlier proposal in arXiv:2011.02859 that enriched fusion (higher) categories provide a unified categorical description of all gapped/gapless quantum liquid phases, includi
We show that the core of a weakly group-theoretical braided fusion category $C$ is equivalent as a braided fusion category to a tensor product $B boxtimes D$, where $D$ is a pointed weakly anisotropic braided fusion category, and $B cong vect$ or $B$
We study topological order in a toric code in three spatial dimensions, or a 3+1D Z_2 gauge theory, at finite temperature. We compute exactly the topological entropy of the system, and show that it drops, for any infinitesimal temperature, to half it
We determine analytically the phase diagram of the toric code model in a parallel magnetic field which displays three distinct regions. Our study relies on two high-order perturbative expansions in the strong- and weak-field limit, as well as a large
In the present paper we propose a new approach to quantum fields in terms of category algebras and states on categories. We define quantum fields and their states as category algebras and states on causal categories with partial involution structures