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The continuous emanation of radon due to trace amounts of uranium and thorium in detector materials introduces radon to the active detection volume of low-background rare event search detectors. $^{222}$Rn produces a particularly problematic background in the physics region of interest by the ``naked beta decay of its $^{214}$Pb daughter nucleus. While charcoal-based adsorption traps are expected to be effective for radon reduction in auxiliary circulation loops that service the warm components of current {ton-scale} detectors at slow flow rates $(0.5-2;SLPM)$, radon reduction in the entire circulation loop at high flow rates $mathcal{O}({100s;SLPM})$ is necessary to reach high sensitivity in future generation experiments. In this article we explore radon dynamics with a charcoal-based radon reduction system in the main circulation loop of time projection chamber detectors. We find that even for perfect radon traps, circulation speeds of $2,000;SLPM$ are needed to reduce radon concentration in a 10,ton detector by 90%. This is faster by a factor of four than the highest circulation speeds currently achieved in dark matter detectors. We further find that the effectiveness of vacuum swing adsorption systems, which have been employed very successfully at reducing atmospheric radon levels in clean-rooms, is limited by the intrinsic radon activity of the charcoal adsorbent in ultra-low radon environments. Adsorbents with significantly lower intrinsic radon activity than in currently available activated charcoals would be necessary to build effective vacuum swing adsorption systems operated at room temperature for rare event search experiments. If such VSA systems are cooled to about $190,K$, this requirement relaxes drastically.
The noble elements, argon and xenon, are frequently employed as the target and event detector for weakly interacting particles such as neutrinos and Dark Matter. For such rare processes, background radiation must be carefully minimized. Radon provide
Type 5A molecular sieves (MS) have been demonstrated to remove radon from SF$_6$ gas. This is important for ultra-sensitive SF$_6$ gas-based directional dark matter and related rare-event physics experiments, as radon can provide a source of unwanted
We present the design and characterization of a large-area Cryogenic PhotoDetector (CPD) designed for active particle identification in rare event searches, such as neutrinoless double beta decay and dark matter experiments. The detector consists of
Simulations of photon propagation in scintillation detectors were performed with the aim to find the optimal scintillator geometry, surface treatment, and shape of external reflector in order to achieve maximum light collection efficiency for detecto
The rare event search experiments using germanium detectors are performed in the underground laboratories to prevent cosmic rays. However, the cosmogenic activation of the cupreous detector components on the ground will generate long half-life radioi