اشترك بالحزمة الذهبية واحصل على وصول غير محدود شمرا أكاديميا
تسجيل مستخدم جديدDarwinian Evolution of Taste
211
0
0.0
(
0
)
تأليف
J. C. Phillips
اسأل ChatGPT حول البحث
ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
What is life. Schrodingers question is discussed here for a specific protein, villin, which builds cells in tissues that detect taste and sound. Villin is represented by a sequence of 827 amino acids bound to a peptide backbone chain. We focus attention on a limited problem, the Darwinian evolution of villin sequences from chickens to humans. This biophysical problem is analyzed using a new physicical method based on thermodynamic domain scaling, a technique that bridges the gap between physical concepts, self-organized criticality, and conventional biostructural practice. It turns out that the evolutionary changes can be explained by Darwinian selection, which is not generally accepted by biologists at the protein level. The presentation is self-contained, and requires no prior experience with proteins at the molecular level.
قيم البحث
اقرأ أيضاً
Cytoskeletons are self-organized networks based on polymerized proteins: actin, tubulin, and driven by motor proteins, such as myosin, kinesin and dynein. Their positive Darwinian evolution enables them to approach optimized functionality (self-organ
ized criticality). The principal features of the eukaryotic evolution of the cytoskeleton motor protein myosin-1 parallel those of actin and tubulin, but also show striking differences connected to its dynamical function. Optimized (long) hydropathic waves characterize the molecular level Darwinian evolution towards optimized functionality (self-organized criticality). The N-terminal and central domains of myosin-1 have evolved in eukaryotes at different rates, with the central domain hydropathic extrema being optimally active in humans. A test shows that hydropathic scaling can yield accuracies of better than 1% near optimized functionality. Evolution towards synchronized level extrema is connected to a special function of Mys-1 in humans involving Golgi complexes.
CoV2019 has evolved to be much more dangerous than CoV2003. Experiments suggest that structural rearrangements dramatically enhance CoV2019 activity. We identify a new first stage of infection which precedes structural rearrangements by using biomole
cular evolutionary theory to identify sequence differences enhancing viral attachment rates. We find a small cluster of mutations which show that CoV-2 has a new feature that promotes much stronger viral attachment and enhances contagiousness. The extremely dangerous dynamics of human coronavirus infection is a dramatic example of evolutionary approach of self-organized networks to criticality. It may favor a very successful vaccine. The identified mutations can be used to test the present theory experimentally.
Cytoskeletons are self-organized networks based on polymerized proteins: actin, tubulin, and driven by motor proteins, such as myosin, kinesin and dynein. Their positive Darwinian evolution enables them to approach optimized functionality (self-organ
ized criticality). Our theoretical analysis uses hydropathic waves to identify and contrast the functional differences between the polymerizing $alpha$ and $beta$ tubulin monomers, which are similar in length and secondary structures, as well as having indistinguishable phylogenetic trees. We show how evolution has improved water-driven flexibility especially for $alpha$ tubulin, and thus facilitated heterodimer microtubule assembly, in agreement with recent atomistic simulations and topological models. We conclude that the failure of phylogenetic analysis to identify functionally specific positive Darwinian evolution has been caused by 20th century technical limitations. These are overcome using 21st century quantitative mathematical methods based on thermodynamic scaling and hydropathic modular averaging. Our most surprising result is the identification of large level sets, especially in hydrophobic extrema, with both thermodynamically first- and second-order scaled water waves. Our calculations include explicitly long-range water-protein interactions described by fractals. We also suggest a much-needed corrective for large protein drug development costs.
We review the development of thermodynamic protein hydropathic scaling theory, starting from backgrounds in mathematics and statistical mechanics, and leading to biomedical applications. Darwinian evolution has organized each protein family in differ
ent ways, but dynamical hydropathic scaling theory is both simple and effective in providing readily transferable dynamical insights for many proteins represented in the uncounted amino acid sequences, as well as the 90 thousand static structures contained in the online Protein Data Base. Critical point theory is general, and recently it has proved to be the most effective way of describing protein networks that have evolved towards nearly perfect functionality in given environments, self-organized criticality. Darwinian evolutionary patterns are governed by common dynamical hydropathic scaling principles, which can be quantified using scales that have been developed bioinformatically by studying thousands of static PDB structures. The most effective dynamical scales involve hydropathic globular sculpting interactions averaged over length scales centered on domain dimensions. A central feature of dynamical hydropathic scaling theory is the characteristic domain length associated with a given protein functionality. Evolution has functioned in such a way that the minimal critical length scale established so far is about nine amino acids, but in some cases it is much larger. Some ingenuity is needed to find this primary length scale, as shown by the examples discussed here. Often a survey of the Darwinian evolution of a protein sequence suggests a means of determining the critical length scale. The evolution of Coronavirus is an interesting application; it identifies critical mutations.
Ubiquitin tags diseased proteins and initiates an enzyme conjugation cascade, which has three stages. The first-stage enzyme Uba1 (E1) has evolved only modestly from slime mold to humans, and is > 14 times larger than Ub. Here we use critical point t
hermodynamic scaling theory to connect Uba1 (E1) evolution from yeast and slime mold to fruit flies and humans to subtle changes in its amino acid sequences.
سجل دخول لتتمكن من نشر تعليقات
التعليقات
جاري جلب التعليقات
سجل دخول لتتمكن من متابعة معايير البحث التي قمت باختيارها
