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The analysis of the wave content inside a perpendicular bow shock indicates that heating of ions is related to the Lower-Hybrid-Drift (LHD) instability, and heating of electrons to the Electron-Cyclotron-Drift (ECD) instability. Both processes represent stochastic acceleration caused by the electric field gradients on the electron gyroradius scales, produced by the two instabilities. Stochastic heating is a single particle mechanism where large gradients break adiabatic invariants and expose particles to direct acceleration by the DC- and wave-fields. The acceleration is controlled by function $chi = m_iq_i^{-1} B^{-2}$div($mathbf{E}$), which represents a general diagnostic tool for processes of energy transfer between electromagnetic fields and particles, and the measure of the local charge non-neutrality. The identification was made with multipoint measurements obtained from the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft (MMS). The source for the LHD instability is the diamagnetic drift of ions, and for the ECD instability the source is ExB drift of electrons. The conclusions are supported by laboratory diagnostics of the ECD instability in Hall ion thrusters.
The first-order Fermi acceleration of electrons requires an injection of electrons into a mildly relativistic energy range. However, the mechanism of injection has remained a puzzle both in theory and observation. We present direct evidence for a nov
Solar wind plasma at the Earths orbit carries transient magnetic field structures including discontinuities. Their interaction with the Earths bow shock can significantly alter discontinuity configuration and stability. We investigate such an interac
We perform a statistical assessment of solar wind stability at 1 AU against ion sources of free energy using Nyquists instability criterion. In contrast to typically employed threshold models which consider a single free-energy source, this method in
Based on in-situ measurements by Wind spacecraft from 2005 to 2015, this letter reports for the first time a clearly scale-dependent connection between proton temperatures and the turbulence in the solar wind. A statistical analysis of proton-scale t
The solar wind undergoes significant heating as it propagates away from the Sun; the exact mechanisms responsible for this heating are not yet fully understood. We present for the first time a statistical test for one of the proposed mechanisms, stoc