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In-flight performance of the LEKIDs of the OLIMPO experiment

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 نشر من قبل Alessandro Paiella
 تاريخ النشر 2020
  مجال البحث فيزياء
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We describe the in-flight performance of the horn-coupled Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detector arrays of the balloon-borne OLIMPO experiment. These arrays have been designed to match the spectral bands of OLIMPO: 150, 250, 350, and 460 GHz, and they have been operated at 0.3 K and at an altitude of 37.8 km during the stratospheric flight of the OLIMPO payload, in Summer 2018. During the first hours of flight, we tuned the detectors and verified their large dynamics under the radiative background variations due to elevation increase of the telescope and to the insertion of the plug-in room-temperature differential Fourier transform spectrometer into the optical chain. We have found that the detector noise equivalent powers are close to be photon-noise limited and lower than those measured on the ground. Moreover, the data contamination due to primary cosmic rays hitting the arrays is less than 3% for all the pixels of all the arrays, and less than 1% for most of the pixels. These results can be considered the first step of KID technology validation in a representative space environment.



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We designed, fabricated, and characterized four arrays of horn--coupled, lumped element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs), optimized to work in the spectral bands of the balloon-borne OLIMPO experiment. OLIMPO is a 2.6 m aperture telescope, aimed at spectroscopic measurements of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect. OLIMPO will also validate the LEKID technology in a representative space environment. The corrected focal plane is filled with diffraction limited horn-coupled KID arrays, with 19, 37, 23, 41 active pixels respectively at 150, 250, 350, and 460$:$GHz. Here we report on the full electrical and optical characterization performed on these detector arrays before the flight. In a dark laboratory cryostat, we measured the resonator electrical parameters, such as the quality factors and the electrical responsivities, at a base temperature of 300$:$mK. The measured average resonator $Q$s are 1.7$times{10^4}$, 7.0$times{10^4}$, 1.0$times{10^4}$, and 1.0$times{10^4}$ for the 150, 250, 350, and 460$:$GHz arrays, respectively. The average electrical phase responsivities on resonance are 1.4$:$rad/pW, 1.5$:$rad/pW, 2.1$:$rad/pW, and 2.1$:$rad/pW; the electrical noise equivalent powers are 45$:rm{aW/sqrt{Hz}}$, 160$:rm{aW/sqrt{Hz}}$, 80$:rm{aW/sqrt{Hz}}$, and 140$:rm{aW/sqrt{Hz}}$, at 12 Hz. In the OLIMPO cryostat, we measured the optical properties, such as the noise equivalent temperatures (NET) and the spectral responses. The measured NET$_{rm RJ}$s are $200:murm{Ksqrt{s}}$, $240:murm{Ksqrt{s}}$, $240:murm{Ksqrt{s}}$, and $:340murm{Ksqrt{s}}$, at 12 Hz; under 78, 88, 92, and 90 mK Rayleigh-Jeans blackbody load changes respectively for the 150, 250, 350, and 460 GHz arrays. The spectral responses were characterized with the OLIMPO differential Fourier transform spectrometer (DFTS) up to THz frequencies, with a resolution of 1.8 GHz.
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