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The sensitivity of Circularly polarized X ray Resonant Magnetic Scattering (CXRMS) to chiral asymmetry has been demonstrated. The study was performed on a 2D array of Permalloy (Py) square nanomagnets of 700 nm lateral size arranged in a chess lattice of 1000 nm lattice parameter. Previous X ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Photoemission Electron microscopy (XMCD-PEEM) images on this sample showed the formation of vortices at remanence and a preference in their chiral state. The magnetic hysteresis loops of the array along the diagonal axis of the squares indicate a non-negligible and anisotropic interaction between vortices. The intensity of the magnetic scattering using circularly polarized light along one of the diagonal axes of the square magnets becomes asymmetric in intensity in the direction transversal to the incident plane at fields where the vortex states are formed. The asymmetry sign is inverted when the direction of the applied magnetic field is inverted. The result is the expected in the presence of an unbalanced chiral distribution. The effect is observed by CXRMS due to the interference between the charge scattering and the magnetic scattering.
Chiral properties of the two phases - collinear motif (below Morin transition temperature, TM=250 K) and canted motif (above TM) - of magnetically ordered hematite ({alpha}-Fe2O3) have been identified in single crystal resonant x-ray Bragg diffractio
Magnetic spiral structures can exhibit ferroelectric moments as recently demonstrated in various multiferroic materials. In such cases the helicity of the magnetic spiral is directly correlated with the direction of the ferroelectric moment and measu
Chiral four-wave-mixing signals are calculated using the irreducible tensor formalism. Different polarization and crossing angle configurations allow to single out the magnetic dipole and the electric quadrupole interactions. Other configurations can
Heterostructures of PbTiO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ superlattices have shown the formation of polar vortices, in which a continuous rotation of ferroelectric polarization spontaneously forms. Recently, Shafer {it{et al.}} [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (PNAS) {bf{115}}
We demonstrate theoretically that a strong high-frequency circularly polarized electromagnetic field can turn a two-dimensional periodic array of interconnected quantum rings into a topological insulator. The elaborated approach is applicable to calc