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Determining the complete set of ligands binding/unbinding pathways is important for drug discovery and to rationally interpret mutation data. Here we have developed a metadynamics-based technique that addressed this issue and allows estimating affinities in the presence of multiple escape pathways. Our approach is shown on a Lysozyme T4 variant in complex with the benzene molecule. The calculated binding free energy is in agreement with experimental data. Remarkably, not only we were able to find all the previously identified ligand binding pathways, but also we uncovered 3 new ones. This results were obtained at a small computational cost, making this approach valuable for practical applications, such as screening of small compounds libraries.
The ability to predict accurate thermodynamic and kinetic properties in biomolecular systems is of both scientific and practical utility. While both remain very difficult, predictions of kinetics are particularly difficult because rates, in contrast
We carry out a first-principles atomistic study of the electronic mechanisms of ligand binding and discrimination in the myoglobin protein. Electronic correlation effects are taken into account using one of the most advanced methods currently availab
We propose a mechanism for binding of diatomic ligands to heme based on a dynamical orbital selection process. This scenario may be described as bonding determined by local valence fluctuations. We support this model using linear-scaling first-princi
Ligand-receptor binding and unbinding are fundamental biomolecular processes and particularly essential to drug efficacy. Environmental water fluctuations, however, impact the corresponding thermodynamics and kinetics and thereby challenge theoretica
Sampling complex potential energies is one of the most pressing challenges of contemporary computational science. Inspired by recent efforts that use quantum effects and discretized Feynmans path integrals to overcome large barriers we propose a repl