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Three-dimensional (3D) printing has allowed for production of geometrically complex 3D objects with extreme flexibility, which is currently undergoing rapid expansions in terms of materials, functionalities, as well as areas of application. When attempting to print 3D microstructures in glass, femtosecond laser induced chemical etching (FLICE) has proved itself a powerful approach. Here, we demonstrate fabrication of macro-scale 3D glass objects of large heights up to ~3.8 cm with a well-balanced (i.e., lateral vs longitudinal) spatial resolution of ~20 {mu}m. The remarkable accomplishment is achieved by revealing an unexplored regime in the interaction of ultrafast laser pulses with fused silica which results in aberration-free focusing of the laser pulses deeply inside fused silica.
Humanitys interest in manufacturing silica-glass objects extends back over three thousand years. Silica glass is resistant to heating and exposure to many chemicals, and it is transparent in a wide wavelength range. Due to these qualities, silica gla
Microbial-Induced Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) Precipitation (MICP) has been extensively studied for soil improvement in geotechnical engineering. The properties of calcium carbonate crystals such as size and quantity affect the strength of MICP-treated
We present a novel technique by which highly-segmented electrostatic configurations can be solved. The Robin Hood method is a matrix-inversion algorithm optimized for solving high density boundary element method (BEM) problems. We illustrate the capa
We study the XY spin glass by large-scale Monte Carlo simulations for sizes up to 24^3, down to temperatures below the transition temperature found in earlier work. The data for the larger sizes show more marginal behavior than that for the smaller s
Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental plasma process associated with conversion of the embedded magnetic field energy into kinetic and thermal plasma energy, via bulk acceleration and Ohmic dissipation. In many high-energy astrophysical events, magn