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The physics governing electron acceleration by a relativistically intense laser are not confined to the critical density surface, they also pervade the sub-critical plasma in front of the target. Here, particles can gain many times the ponderomotive energy from the overlying laser, and strong fields can grow. Experiments using a high contrast laser and a prescribed laser pre-pulse demonstrate that development of the pre-plasma has an unexpectedly strong effect on the most energetic, super-ponderomotive electrons. Presented 2D particle-in-cell simulations reveal how strong, voluminous magnetic structures that evolve in the pre-plasma impact high energy electrons more significantly than low energy ones for longer pulse durations and how the common practice of tilting the target to a modest incidence angle can be enough to initiate strong deflection. The implications are that multiple angular spectral measurements are necessary to prevent misleading conclusions from past and future experiments.
Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that the periodic solid-state structures irradiated by intense ($sim 10^{19}$ W/cm${}^2$) laser pulses can generate collimated electron bunches with energies up to 30 MeV (and acceleration gradient
Biermann battery magnetic field generation driven by high power laser-solid interactions is explored in experiments performed with the OMEGA EP laser system. Proton deflectometry captures changes to the strength, spatial profile, and temporal dynamic
A pump-probe polarimetric technique is demonstrated, which provides a complete, temporally and spatially-resolved mapping of the megagauss magnetic fields generated in intense short-pulse laser-plasma interactions. A normally-incident time-delayed pr
Imposing an external magnetic field in short-pulse intense laser-plasma interaction is of broad scientific interest in related plasma research areas. We propose a simple method using a virtual current layer by introducing an extra current density ter
Backward terahertz radiation can be produced by a high-intensity laser normally incident upon an underdense plasma. It is found that terahertz radiation is generated by electrons refluxing along the bubble shell. These shell electrons have similar dy