اشترك بالحزمة الذهبية واحصل على وصول غير محدود شمرا أكاديميا
تسجيل مستخدم جديدA simple analysis of Type I superluminous supernova peak spectra: composition, expansion velocities, and dynamics
79
0
0.0
(
0
)
تأليف
Avishay Gal-Yam
اسأل ChatGPT حول البحث
ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
We present a simple and well defined prescription to compare absorption lines in supernova (SN) spectra with lists of transitions drawn from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database. The method is designed to be applicable to simple spectra where the photosphere can be mostly described by absorptions from single transitions with a single photospheric velocity. These conditions are plausible for SN spectra obtained shortly after explosion. Here we show that the method also works well for spectra of hydrogen-poor (Type I) superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) around peak. Analysis of high signal to noise spectra leads to clear identification of numerous spectroscopic features arising from ions of carbon and oxygen, that account for the majority of absorption features detected in the optical range, suggesting the outer envelope of SLSN-I progenitors is dominated by these elements. We find that the prominent absorption features seen in the blue are dominated by numerous lines of OII, as previously suggested, and that the apparent absorption feature widths are dominated by line density and not by doppler broadening. In fact, we find that while the expansion velocities of SLSNe-I around peak are similar to those of normal SNe, the apparent velocity distribution (manifest as the width of single transition features) is much lower (~1500 km/s) indicating emission from a very narrow photosphere in velocity space that is nevertheless expanding rapidly. We inspect the controversial case of ASASSN-15lh, and find that the early spectrum of this object is not consistent with those of SLSNe-I. We also show that SLSNe that initially lack hydrogen features but develop these at late phases, such as iPTF15esb and iPTF16bad, also differ in their early spectra from standard SLSNe-I.
قيم البحث
اقرأ أيضاً
We present DES14X3taz, a new hydrogen-poor super luminous supernova (SLSN-I) discovered by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) supernova program, with additional photometric data provided by the Survey Using DECam for Superluminous Supernovae (SUDSS). Spect
ra obtained using OSIRIS on the Gran Telescopio CANARIAS (GTC) show DES14X3taz is a SLSN-I at z=0.608. Multi-color photometry reveals a double-peaked light curve: a blue and relatively bright initial peak that fades rapidly prior to the slower rise of the main light curve. Our multi-color photometry allows us, for the first time, to show that the initial peak cools from 22,000K to 8,000K over 15 rest-frame days, and is faster and brighter than any published core-collapse supernova, reaching 30% of the bolometric luminosity of the main peak. No physical Nickel powered model can fit this initial peak. We show that a shock-cooling model followed by a magnetar driving the second phase of the light curve can adequately explain the entire light curve of DES14X3taz. Models involving the shock-cooling of extended circumstellar material at a distance of ~400 solar radii are preferred over the cooling of shock-heated surface layers of a stellar envelope. We compare DES14X3taz to the few double-peaked SLSN-I events in the literature. Although the rise-times and characteristics of these initial peaks differ, there exists the tantalizing possibility that they can be explained by one physical interpretation.
[Abridged] We present UV/optical observations of PS16aqv (SN 2016ard), a Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) classified as part of our search for low-$z$ SLSNe. PS16aqv is a fast evolving SLSNe-I that reached a peak absolute magnitude of $M_{r} a
pprox -22.1$. The lightcurves exhibit a significant undulation at 30 rest-frame days after peak, with a behavior similar to undulations seen in the slowly fading SLSN-I SN 2015bn. This similarity strengthens the case that fast and slow SLSNe-I form a continuum with a common origin. At $approx!80$ days after peak, the lightcurves exhibit a transition to a slow decline, followed by significant subsequent steepening, indicative of a plateau phase or a second significant undulation. Deep limits at $approx280$ days after peak imply a tight constraint on the nickel mass, $M_{rm Ni} lesssim 0.35$ M$_{odot}$ (lower than for previous SLSNe-I), and indicate that some SLSNe-I do not produce significantly more nickel than normal Type Ic SNe. Using MOSFiT, we model the lightcurve with a magnetar central engine model and find $P_{rm spin} approx 0.9$ ms, $B approx 1.5 times 10^{14}$ G, and $M_{rm ej} approx 16$ M$_{odot}$. The implied rapid spin-down time and large reservoir of available energy coupled with the high ejecta mass may account for the fast evolving lightcurve and slow spectroscopic evolution. We also study the location of PS16aqv in its host galaxy and find that it occurred at an offset of $2.46 pm 0.21$ kpc from the central star-forming region. We find the host galaxy exhibits low metallicity and spatially varying extinction and star formation rate, with the explosion site exhibiting lower values than the central region. The complexity seen in the lightcurves of PS16aqv and other events highlights the importance of obtaining well-sampled lightcurves for exploring deviations from a uniform decline.
A number of Type I (hydrogenless) superluminous supernova (SLSN) events have been discovered recently. However, their nature remains debatable. One of the most promising ideas is the shock-interaction mechanism, but only simplified semi-analytical mo
dels have been applied so far. We simulate light curves for several Type I SLSN (SLSN-I) models enshrouded by dense, non-hydrogen circumstellar envelopes, using a multi-group radiation hydrodynamics code that predicts not only bolometric, but also multicolor light curves. We demonstrate that the bulk of SLSNe-I including those with relatively narrow light curves like SN 2010gx or broad ones like PTF09cnd can be explained by the interaction of the SN ejecta with he CS envelope, though the range of parameters for these models is rather wide. Moderate explosion energy ($sim (2 - 4)cdot 10^{51}$ ergs) is sufficient to explain both narrow and broad SLSN-I light curves, but ejected mass and envelope mass differ for those two cases. Only 5 to 10 $M_odot$ of non-hydrogen material is needed to reproduce the light curve of SN 2010gx, while the best model for PTF09cnd is very massive: it contains almost $ 50 M_odot $ in the CS envelope and only $ 5 M_odot $ in the ejecta. The CS envelope for each case extends from 10 $R_odot$ to $sim 10^5R_odot$ ($7cdot 10^{15} $ cm), which is about an order of magnitude larger than typical photospheric radii of standard SNe near the maximum light. We briefly discuss possible ways to form such unusual envelopes.
We present optical imaging and spectroscopy of SN,2018lfe, which we classify as a Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) at a redshift of $z = 0.3501$ with a peak absolute magnitude of $M_rapprox -22.1$ mag, one of the brightest SLSNe discovered. SN
,2018lfe was identified for follow-up using our FLEET machine learning pipeline. Both the light curve and the spectra of SN,2018lfe are consistent with the broad population of SLSNe. We fit the light curve with a magnetar central engine model and find an ejecta mass of $M_{rm ej}approx 3.8$ M$_odot$, a magnetar spin period of $Papprox 2.9$ ms and a magnetic field strength of $B_{perp}approx 2.8times 10^{14}$ G. The magnetic field strength is near the top of the distribution for SLSNe, while the spin period and ejecta mass are near the median values of the distribution for SLSNe. From late-time imaging and spectroscopy we find that the host galaxy of SN,2018lfe has an absolute magnitude of $M_rapprox -17.85$, ($L_B approx 0.029$ $L^*$), and an inferred metallicity of $Zapprox 0.3$ Z$_odot$, and star formation rate of $approx 0.8$ M$_odot$ yr$^{-1}$.
We present results of the photometric (from 3 to 509 days past explosion) and spectroscopic (up to 230 days past explosion) monitoring campaign of the He-rich Type IIb supernova (SN) 2015as. The {it (B-V)} colour evolution of SN 2015as closely resemb
le those of SN 2008ax, suggesting that SN 2015as belongs to the SN IIb subgroup that does not show the early, short-duration photometric peak. The light curve of SN 2015as reaches the $B$-band maximum about 22 days after the explosion, at an absolute magnitude of -16.82 $pm$ 0.18 mag. At $sim$ 75 days after the explosion, its spectrum transitions from that of a SN II to a SN Ib. P~Cygni features due to He I lines appear at around 30 days after explosion, indicating that the progenitor of SN 2015as was partially stripped. For SN~2015as, we estimate a $^{56}$Ni mass of $sim$ 0.08 M$_{odot}$ and ejecta mass of 1.1--2.2 M$_{odot}$, which are similar to the values inferred for SN 2008ax. The quasi bolometric analytical light curve modelling suggests that the progenitor of SN 2015as has a modest mass ($sim$ 0.1 M$_{odot}$), a nearly-compact ($sim$ 0.05$times$10$^{13}$ cm) H envelope on top of a dense, compact ($sim$ 2$times$10$^{11}$ cm) and a more massive ($sim$ 1.2 M$_{odot}$) He core. The analysis of the nebular phase spectra indicates that $sim$ 0.44 M$_{odot}$ of O is ejected in the explosion. The intensity ratio of the [Ca II]/[O I] nebular lines favours either a main sequence progenitor mass of $sim$ 15 M$_{odot}$ or a Wolf Rayet star of 20 M$_{odot}$.
سجل دخول لتتمكن من نشر تعليقات
التعليقات
جاري جلب التعليقات
سجل دخول لتتمكن من متابعة معايير البحث التي قمت باختيارها
